What Is Adulthood? A Comparison of the Adulthood Criteria of Greek Emerging Adults and Their Parents

Extensive research has investigated the criteria that emerging adults consider important for adulthood. Limited research has investigated this topic between adults from different age groups. This study aims to compare the criteria that emerging adults and their parents use to define adulthood. Participants included 73 Greek emerging adult and parent dyads. The emerging adult participants aged 18.5–23.6 (54.8% females), and the parent participants aged 41.3–59.5 years (82.2% females). All participants provided socio-demographic data and completed the Greek version of the Scale of Conceptions of the Transition to Adulthood. Results revealed that a) the most widely endorsed criteria for both emerging adults and their parents included accepting responsibility for one’s actions, avoiding committing petty crimes, and avoiding drunk driving, b) emerging adults assigned on average less importance than did their parents on the adulthood criteria, and c) emerging adults and their parents agree strongly on the ranking of the adulthood criteria. These results extend previous findings from China and the United States, which evidenced both congruence and disagreement between emerging adults and their parents in the criteria for adulthood. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2021.1957761. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Time use of Hellene 3rd and 4th graders during a school day

Using data from the time diaries of 164 Hellene 3rd and 4th graders interviewed in their homes in March 2007, individual differences in time-use patterns were investigated. The participants rested for 9 hours 10 minutes, and spent 57.0%, 21.7%, and 5.0% of their waking time on school-related activities (attending school, learning languages, doing homework), leisure activities (such as playing and watching TV), and other activities, respectively. Pupils from rural areas rested longer; more boys engaged in play and sports; more girls and more pupils from higher SES families engaged in dance. Overall, the time spent on school-related activities is higher than the times spent on other activities. Regarding leisure, girls spent the most time watching TV, while boys spent the most time watching TV and playing. In line with previous literature, the time schedule of Hellene pupils is directed towards knowledge acquisition, rather than cognitive or socio-emotional development

Not all identity style items refer to identity: Does it matter?

Identity styles describe the ways in which adolescents approach identity issues. The Identity Style Inventory-3 (ISI-3) has been extensively used to measure these styles. Some of the items on the ISI-3 refer specifically to domains in which identity decisions are made whereas other items do not. This study reports findings regarding whether these two types of items yield different conclusions in terms of the identity style correlates. Three sets of correlates are considered: personality, psychological well-being, and commitment. A battery consisting of the Five Factor Personality Inventory, the Psychological Well-Being scales, and the ISI-3 was administered to 236 Hellene students. The results of a series of z-tests reveal that the two types of items are differentially correlated for the normative and the diffuse/avoidant identity styles. The conclusion is that this problem with the ISI may be ameliorated if all its items are made pertinent to identity issues. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc

Are identity styles important for psychological well-being?

A successful identity formation is related to being psychologically well (Erikson, 1963). This link seems to be lost in the identity style literature that focuses either on the maturity of the identity styles, or on adaptive and maladaptive behaviour correlates of identity styles. In this study, we address this lost link. We administered the Identity Style Inventory (Berzonsky, 1992a) and the scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989) to 230 Hellene (Greek) University students. The Hellenic (Greek) translations of the scales functioned appropriately. The findings suggest that avoiding facing identity issues is negatively related to psychological well-being, while, when such issues are faced, the way of facing them is not important. (c) 2004 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Social Role Transitions and Perceived Adulthood Status: Which Ones Matter for Whom?

The purpose of this study was to investigate which social role transitions typically related to the advent of adulthood are associated with the perceived adulthood status of Greek men and women aged 25–29 and 30–35. Participants were 313 (27.8% male, overall average age 29.9 years) Greeks who answered questions concerning the achievement of adult role transitions (getting married, bearing children, moving away from parental home, becoming financially independent, and employed) and their perceived adulthood status. Logistic regressions run separately per gender and age-group exhibited that the family condition and the living arrangement predicted the perceived adulthood status of women 30–35. None of the social role transitions predicted the perceived adulthood status of the remaining three groups. The discussion focuses on the importance of these findings for the study of emerging adulthood. © 2017, © 2017 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publications