Obesity and pregnancy: possible ways to overcome complications and improve reproductive outcomes

Introduction. Obesity, due to its high prevalence and relevance, can be considered an epidemic of modern society. Obesity-related microcirculatory vascular disease and chronic inflammation with endothelial dysfunction are associated with adverse effects on reproductive potential. Sulodexide reduces the risk of hemostatic complications in patients planning pregnancy due to its polypotent effect, which is especially important in metabolic disorders and comorbidities. Therefore, it is promising to assess the effectiveness of integrated management of obese patients as part of pregnancy planning. Aim. To modify the complex treatment of obesity in patients planning pregnancy to reduce the risk of reproductive losses and gestational complications. Materials and methods. The prospective analysis included 92 patients with grade 1 obesity. According to the clinical protocols and guidelines of the Reproductive Health Professional Medical Association, 46 patients in the control group (group 1) were prescribed treatment to reduce the body mass index, including lifestyle correction, folic acid, and vitamin D. Patients in the comparison group (Group 2, n=46) also received endotheliotropic agent sulodexide. The treatment efficacy was analyzed based on the frequency of pregnancy, the change of laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction, the incidence of gestational complications, and reproductive losses. Results. The study showed that in comparison group patients, the frequency of pregnancy (58.7% of cases in Group 1, 71.7% in Group 1), favorable course of the first trimester (39.1% in Group 1, 63.0% in Group 2), and delivery at term (30.4% in Group 1, 56.5% in Group 2) were higher compared to the control group. There was also a more significant decrease in the body mass index and endothelial dysfunction factors (homocysteine level in group 1 before treatment was 172.4 mol/L, and 141.8 mol/L after treatment; 191.7 mol/L before treatment and 91.4 mol/L after treatment in Group 2, respectively) in patients receiving complex treatment with sulodexide. Analysis of the pregnancy course showed a lower risk of gestational diabetes (33.3% in Group 1 and 13.8% in Group 2). Conclusion. Treatment of obesity in patients planning pregnancy requires a complex effect aimed at correcting lifestyle, reducing body weight, restoring the endothelial layer, and reducing the severity of chronic inflammation, thus improving reproductive outcomes and minimizing the risk of gestational complications

In vitro maturation for fertility preservation in patients with cancer: A review

According to the World Health Organization, the number of patients of reproductive age with cancer steadily increases. Therefore, improving their quality of life is one of the priority tasks of the medical community. It is known that more than 30% of women with cancer at the time of diagnosis have not yet given birth. Therefore, one of the relevant issues is developing and improving methods for preserving reproductive function. In vitro oocyte maturation is a promising technique of oncofertility, which is used as an alternative to traditional cycles of ovulation stimulation followed by the production of mature oocytes. This review aims to study the in vitro maturation procedure and analyze the literature data regarding its effectiveness and safety when used as a part of programs for preserving reproductive material in patients with cancer

Principles of fast-track surgery in the treatment of giant uterine fibroids: а clinical case

The article addresses the treatment of uterine fibroids, which is still relevant. According to numerous studies, about 70% of females under 50 have uterine fibroids, the most common condition among perimenopausal women. The prevalence of giant forms is not high and accounts for less than 5% of all cases, especially at early diagnosis. The surgical strategy in such cases is individual and depends on many factors: size, location of nodes, and women's reproduction plans. In these clinical cases, the management of patients with giant uterine fibroids is presented according to the multimodal principles of fast-track surgery in a modern gynecological hospital. We described the main approaches in diagnosis, preoperative preparation, surgery features, and subsequent recovery to reduce the complication rate, the duration of inpatient treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation in the treatment of giant uterine fibroids