Sustainability of human resources in healthcare

The report highlights the urgency of the human resource problem and it’s sustainability in the global healthcare and at home. The main goal is to highlight the issues about the state of human resources as an acute shortage of nurses and doctors in some clinical specialties, as well as regional differences, migration and other. Мaterial and methods: Documentary method and descriptive statistics are applied. Results: An assessment of the role of the implemented measures in terms of human resources in national and European healthcare documents for the period 2015-2020 was carried out. In the recent years the awareness about the critical role of human resources has increased in strengthening the effectiveness and sustainability of the health system in the direction of improving the health outcomes of the population. Conclusions: Follow up actions are necessary – legal and normative, economic, social-psychological and others from the ministry of Health, municipalities, central and local authorities, as well as the participation of all professional organizations

Satisfaction Of Hospitalized Patients With Nursing Care And Hospital Stay

Nowadays, particular importance is attributed to the patients’ assessment of the health care they receive, and this has become an important measure of quality, with a number of papers being published in this respect. The satisfaction of the hospitalized patients is measured with different indicators. This research covers 902 patients from 14 different types of multiprofile active treatment hospitals - regional and municipal, public and private. For this purpose, a direct individual survey was carried out with randomly selected patients during the accreditation of the medical establishments. The results show that the majority of the patients – 825 (91.46 %), had no difficulty entering the hospital.There is a huge satisfaction with the way they were treated by the nurses (95.90%), the doctors (93.35%), with the household services (90.58%), with the received information on the disease and the treatment (90.24%). Next comes the share of respondents, who were satisfied with the received information about the internal order of the department and the hospital (88.58%), and the smallest shares are those who are satisfied with the quantity and quality of the hospital food. Performing periodic studies using a unified methodology and comparing patients' attitudes to dynamics can be used to improve the quality and organization of hospital medical care at each medical establishment

Tattoo Removal Methods

Въведение: Татуирането представлява древен способ за личностно изразяване, отразяващо религиозна, културна, социална и морална принадлежност. Този феномен датира от преди около 5200 години и е значимо внедрен в корените на човешката еволюция.Цел: Да се анализира достъпната литература, реферирана в базите данни MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus и Web of Science през последните 10 години.Материали и методи: Проучени са съдържанията на резюметата и пълнотекстовите публикации по проблема. Резултати: Основните методи за детатуаж биват: механични, химични, термични, хирургични, смесени методи. Златен стандарт за детатуаж са лазерите с различна модалност на действие.Изводи: Премахването на татуировки се осъществява чрез механични, химични, термични, хирургични и смесени методи. Лазерните технологии дават най-добри клинични резултати по отношение степента на премахване на пигмента и вероятността от възникване на странични ефекти. Различните пигменти за татуаж изискват различна модалност на действие на лазерите. Клиничният резултат от премахването на татуировки е индивидуален и зависи от формата и големината на татуировката, давността, механизма на направа, използвания цвят и плътност на пигмента, имунитета на пациента.Introduction: The art of tattooing is an ancient way of a personal expression. It reflects religious, cultural, social and moral belonging. This phenomenon has been known to humankind for more than 5200 years and it has been profoundly implemented in human evolution.Aim: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the literature in the last 10 years in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science – referred literature databases.Materials and Methods: Abstracts and full text publications on the topic were reviewed.Results: The principal methods of tattoo removal are: mechanical, chemical, thermal, surgical and mixed methods. Lasers are the golden standard for tattoo removal.Conclusion: Tattoo removal can be achieved through mechanical, chemical, thermal, surgical and mixed methods. It is established that the laser technology is the most effective method in tattoo removal in regard to both the level of pigment elimination and the percentage of adverse effect manifestations. Different pigments require different modes of laser action. The effectiveness of tattoo removal is strongly individual and depends on the shape and size of the tattoo, duration, method of tattooing, the color and density of the pigment and the host immunity

Beyond ambient experience: An auditory display design framework for ubiquitous computing environments

Ubiquitous computing environments are becoming commonplace yet sound displays for them often lack consideration for contextual and embodied aspects. In addition, the audio displays have not been systematically examined as meaningful feedback. This thesis proposes a new framework for auditory display design for ubiquitous computing. The framework is created by synthesizing theories of acoustic communication and auditory display design; by designing and testing a ubiquitous computing prototype named socio-ec(h)o; and through a set of experimental studies focused on specific sound issues. Particular attention is given to an intensity-based gradient approach to feedback. This approach includes complex, environmental sound, and utilizes sonification principles that convey information, as well as support embodiment, sociality, and mediation in a ubiquitous computing setting. The study also examines the role of participatory design workshops and modified experimental studies informed by design methods as methodological innovations in the research of design and audio displays

Dress and the city: a comparative study of clothing and textiles environmental policy in five European cities

European clothing consumption has increased dramatically in recent decades, leading to a current average of 26 kg of textiles annually purchased per capita (EEA, 2019). While garments (and most of clothing’s environmental impacts) are produced in other parts of the world, European municipalities face a problem of increasing volumes of textile waste. Moreover, the revised waste directive of 2018 specifies that European Union countries will be obliged to collect textiles separately by 2025. This study investigates how these phenomena are affecting city-level policy and strategy, including but not limited to textile waste management. It builds on a comparative analysis of official documents informed by interviews with policy makers and waste management authorities in five European cities. The research points out that, in these cities, clothing environmental policy and other public initiatives are at varied levels of development. The paper identifies three kinds of measures, namely (a) improving separate collection, (b) waste prevention, and (c) consumption reduction. Reducing the share of textiles disposed of in general household waste (and therefore increasing separate collection) has been a central aim in cities where textiles fall under local waste regulation. The waste directive mentioned above makes separate collection of all textiles compulsory for EU members, leading to revisions in some cities’ collection systems. Some municipalities have gone one step further in preventing these textiles from reaching waste streams by supporting local initiatives for repair and reuse. The most advanced and recent approach is aiming at reductions in new clothing demand through citizen campaigns and monitoring the effect of repair and reuse actions in consumption levels. The comparative analysis leads to recommendations for future policy and strategy including developing the three approaches mentioned above simultaneously, further exploring measures for consumption reduction, and the integration of more concrete targets and monitoring plans, so that the most effective paths in social and environmental terms can be identified

Bulgarian General Practitioners’ Communication Styles about Child Vaccinations, Mainly Focused on Parental Decision Making in the Context of a Mandatory Immunization Schedule

The communication practices of general practitioners in relation with vaccines have not been a topic of wide scientific interest. In this article, we outline them in the context of Bulgaria. A representative, cross-sectional, quantitative, face-to-face survey was conducted among 358 Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022 using simple random sampling. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis using questions about the role of the GPs, which measure models of communication. Based on the factor analysis, we distinguished four communication styles. They were called: active communicator, restrictive communicator, informing communicator, and strained communicator. One-way ANOVA and the T-test were carried out to explore the connections between factor scores (communication styles) and other variables. One of the most important results in the study was that the informing physician (emphasizing the choice of the parents) was the most common model in Bulgaria. This is somewhat contradictory, because of the mandatory status of most vaccines. We found connections between the communication styles and other variables—such as the type of settlement, having a hesitant parent in the practice, recommendations of non-mandatory vaccines, and experience with vaccine-preventable diseases. On the basis of the factor analysis and analysis of relationships with other variables, we reached the conclusion that in Bulgaria, hesitant parents are not sufficiently involved in active, effective communication about vaccines by GPs