2 research outputs found

    Prescribing frequency and adherence to statins in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid cardiovascular diseases

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    BACKGROUND: Due to the high rate of growth in the incidence and burden of cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant medical problem in the world. Even in the absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), patients with T2DM are classified as high and very high risk. In addition to glycemic control, an extremely important aspect of managing this group of patients is prevention of cardiovascular complications. T2DM and hyperlipidemia determines the target group for statins. At the same time, little is known about the frequency of administration of this class of drugs among people with T2DM.AIM: To study prescribing frequency and adherence to statins in outpatients with T2DM and comorbid cardiovascular diseases.METHODS: 156 patients with type 2 diabetes (87.2% β€” women, average age β€” 65.2 years) were examined as part of an outpatient appointment with an endocrinologist at the city polyclinic ofTomsk. We used a standard questionnaire compiled on the basis of adapted international methods, including information on cardiac pathology, medications, income level, and Morisky-Green test. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid spectrum parameters were measured. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used for comparisons.RESULTS: Statins were prescribed to 45.0% of the surveyed, and 47.0% of them were constantly taking statins. In 41 and 39% of cases, statins were prescribed by an endocrinologist and a cardiologist, respectively. Those taking statins were characterized by a more severe functional class of angina pectoris (p=0.03), a higher prior myocardial infarction rate (p=0.01). For other concomitant diseases, and also indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, differences between the groups were not revealed. One third of patients were adherent (3–4 points), 2/3 were not adherent to treatment (0–2 points), respectively. Patients with incomes between 1 and 2 cost of living took statins more often than the rest (p=0.021).CONCLUSION: An insufficient frequency of prescription and adherence to statin therapy in patients with T2DM was revealed. In most cases, statins were prescribed by an endocrinologist or cardiologist. Functional class of angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction and moderate income were associated with more frequent use of statins. To increase the coverage of patients with T2DM with statin treatment, more attention needs to be paid to the issues of CVD prevention from both medical professionals and patients

    Π’ΠžΠ—ΠœΠžΠ–ΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π˜ ΠŸΠ Π˜ΠœΠ•ΠΠ•ΠΠ˜Π― Π’Π•Π₯ΠΠžΠ›ΠžΠ“Π˜Π™ ΠœΠΠ¨Π˜ΠΠΠžΠ“Πž ΠžΠ‘Π£Π§Π•ΠΠ˜Π― Π’ Π‘Π€Π•Π Π• ΠŸΠ•Π Π’Π˜Π§ΠΠžΠ™ ΠŸΠ ΠžΠ€Π˜Π›ΠΠšΠ’Π˜ΠšΠ˜ Π‘Π•Π Π”Π•Π§ΠΠž-Π‘ΠžΠ‘Π£Π”Π˜Π‘Π’Π«Π₯ Π—ΠΠ‘ΠžΠ›Π•Π’ΠΠΠ˜Π™

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    HighlightsThe review analyzes the studies devoted to the possibility of using machine learning methods to predict the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and total cardiovascular risk. The combinations of machine learning methods with mobile, cloud and telemedicine technologies have significant prospects. In the near future, such technologies are expected to be used for atrial fibrillation screening and risk stratification using cardiac imaging data. Based on machine learning methods, mobile preventive technologies are being developed, particularly for nutritional behavior management.Β AbstractThe article reviews the main directions of machine learning (ML) application in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and highlights examples of scientific and practical problems solved with its help. Currently, the possibility of using ML to predict cardiovascular risk, occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, etc. has been studied. The data of questionnaires, medical examination, laboratory indices, electrocardiography, cardio visualization, medications, genomics and proteomics are used in ML models. The most common classifiers are Random Forest, Support Vector, Neural Networks. As compared to traditional risk calculators many ML algorithms show improvement in prediction accuracy, but no evident leader has been defined yet. Deep ML technologies are at the very early stages of development. Mobile, cloud and telemedicine technologies open new possibilities for collection, storage and the use of medical data and can improve CVD prevention. In the near future, such technologies are expected to be used for atrial fibrillation screening as well as cardiovascular risk stratification using cardiac imaging data. Moreover, the addition of them to traditional risk factors provides the most stable risk estimates. There are examples of mobile ML technologies use to manage risk factors, particularly eating behavior. Attention is paid to such problems, as need to avoid overestimating the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, algorithms’ bias, cybersecurity, ethical issues of medical data collection and use. Practical applicability of ML models and their impact on endpoints are currently understudied. A significant obstacle to implementation of ML technologies in healthcare is the lack of experience and regulation.ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ полоТСнияВ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ исслСдования, посвящСнныС возмоТности использования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² машинного обучСния для прогнозирования возникновСния фибрилляции прСдсСрдий, кардиоваскулярных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ атСросклСроза, суммарного сСрдСчно-сосудистого риска. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ пСрспСктивы ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ сочСтаниС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² машинного обучСния с ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ тСлСмСдицинскими тСхнологиями. Π’ блиТайшСм Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ оТидаСтся использованиС Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ для скрининга фибрилляции прСдсСрдий, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ стратификации риска с использованиСм Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. На основС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² машинного обучСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ профилактичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² частности Π½Π° ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡŽΠΌΠ΅Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны основныС направлСния примСнСния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ машинного обучСния (МО) Π² сфСрС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ сСрдСчно-сосудистых Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π‘Π‘Π—), ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ с ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ практичСских Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡. Π’ настоящСС врСмя изучаСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования МО для прогнозирования суммарного сСрдСчно-сосудистого риска, риска возникновСния фибрилляции прСдсСрдий, Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска (Π€Π ) Π‘Π‘Π—, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ атСросклСроза ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π€Π  Π² модСлях МО ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ опросников, Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ осмотра, Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, элСктрокардиографии, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, свСдСния ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², примСняСмых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ МО. НаиболСС часто ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ классификаторам, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Random Forest, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², искусствСнныС Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сСти. МногиС Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ‹ МО Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ прирост точности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ шкалам риска, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π°. На Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… стадиях развития находятся Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ МО. ΠœΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ тСлСмСдицинскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности для сбора, хранСния ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ примСнСния мСдицинских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ вывСсти ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π‘Π‘Π— Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ. Π’ блиТайшСм Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ оТидаСтся использованиС Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ для скрининга фибрилляции прСдсСрдий, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ стратификации сСрдСчно-сосудистого риска с использованиСм Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π€Π  позволяСт ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ риска. Π•ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ использования ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ МО для управлСния Π€Π , Π² частности ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Авторы ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ аспСкты, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ искусствСнного ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π² тСхнологиях здравоохранСния, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π·ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, этичСскиС вопросы сбора ΠΈ использования мСдицинских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ МО ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… влияниС Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ нСдостаточно. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ прСпятствиСм ΠΊ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ МО Π² сфСрС здравоохранСния ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСдостаточный ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΈ отсутствиС Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹
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