2 research outputs found
Prescribing frequency and adherence to statins in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid cardiovascular diseases
BACKGROUND: Due to the high rate of growth in the incidence and burden of cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant medical problem in the world. Even in the absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), patients with T2DM are classified as high and very high risk. In addition to glycemic control, an extremely important aspect of managing this group of patients is prevention of cardiovascular complications. T2DM and hyperlipidemia determines the target group for statins. At the same time, little is known about the frequency of administration of this class of drugs among people with T2DM.AIM: To study prescribing frequency and adherence to statins in outpatients with T2DM and comorbid cardiovascular diseases.METHODS: 156 patients with type 2 diabetes (87.2% β women, average age β 65.2 years) were examined as part of an outpatient appointment with an endocrinologist at the city polyclinic ofTomsk. We used a standard questionnaire compiled on the basis of adapted international methods, including information on cardiac pathology, medications, income level, and Morisky-Green test. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid spectrum parameters were measured. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used for comparisons.RESULTS: Statins were prescribed to 45.0% of the surveyed, and 47.0% of them were constantly taking statins. In 41 and 39% of cases, statins were prescribed by an endocrinologist and a cardiologist, respectively. Those taking statins were characterized by a more severe functional class of angina pectoris (p=0.03), a higher prior myocardial infarction rate (p=0.01). For other concomitant diseases, and also indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, differences between the groups were not revealed. One third of patients were adherent (3β4 points), 2/3 were not adherent to treatment (0β2 points), respectively. Patients with incomes between 1 and 2 cost of living took statins more often than the rest (p=0.021).CONCLUSION: An insufficient frequency of prescription and adherence to statin therapy in patients with T2DM was revealed. In most cases, statins were prescribed by an endocrinologist or cardiologist. Functional class of angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction and moderate income were associated with more frequent use of statins. To increase the coverage of patients with T2DM with statin treatment, more attention needs to be paid to the issues of CVD prevention from both medical professionals and patients
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ― Π Π‘Π€ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ-Π‘ΠΠ‘Π£ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
HighlightsThe review analyzes the studies devoted to the possibility of using machine learning methods to predict the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and total cardiovascular risk. The combinations of machine learning methods with mobile, cloud and telemedicine technologies have significant prospects. In the near future, such technologies are expected to be used for atrial fibrillation screening and risk stratification using cardiac imaging data. Based on machine learning methods, mobile preventive technologies are being developed, particularly for nutritional behavior management.Β AbstractThe article reviews the main directions of machine learning (ML) application in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and highlights examples of scientific and practical problems solved with its help. Currently, the possibility of using ML to predict cardiovascular risk, occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, etc. has been studied. The data of questionnaires, medical examination, laboratory indices, electrocardiography, cardio visualization, medications, genomics and proteomics are used in ML models. The most common classifiers are Random Forest, Support Vector, Neural Networks. As compared to traditional risk calculators many ML algorithms show improvement in prediction accuracy, but no evident leader has been defined yet. Deep ML technologies are at the very early stages of development. Mobile, cloud and telemedicine technologies open new possibilities for collection, storage and the use of medical data and can improve CVD prevention. In the near future, such technologies are expected to be used for atrial fibrillation screening as well as cardiovascular risk stratification using cardiac imaging data. Moreover, the addition of them to traditional risk factors provides the most stable risk estimates. There are examples of mobile ML technologies use to manage risk factors, particularly eating behavior. Attention is paid to such problems, as need to avoid overestimating the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, algorithmsβ bias, cybersecurity, ethical issues of medical data collection and use. Practical applicability of ML models and their impact on endpoints are currently understudied. A significant obstacle to implementation of ML technologies in healthcare is the lack of experience and regulation.ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π‘Π‘Π), ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° (Π€Π ) Π‘Π‘Π, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π€Π Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Random Forest, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΠΠ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π°. ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ. ΠΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π‘Π‘Π Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ. Π Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π€Π ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π€Π , Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π·ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ