5 research outputs found
Formation of a Model of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Policy in the Subject of the Russian Federation
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΊ VI ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ,
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²,
Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π΅Π΅ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ- ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ.
Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ- ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ β
Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
,
ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ β ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ- ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°The transition of advanced economies to the VI technological way of life, the
protracted series of global political and economic crises that caused unprecedented sanctions
pressure on Russia and its restriction on the import of high technologies, once again indicated
the high relevance of scientific, technological and innovative development of the country.
In a series of instructions from the President of the Russian Federation, the regional vector
of scientific, technological and innovative development of Russia is set, which in turn raises
the question of the implementation of regional scientific, technological and innovation
policy in the subjects of the Russian Federation. In this connection, the study purpose is
to form a model of regional scientific, technological and innovation policy that allows the
region to be involved in full implementation of the tasks set at the federal level. The work
is based on the application of systemic, process and interdisciplinary approaches, involving
the presentation of regional scientific, technological and innovation policy as a system, and
technological transfer in it as a process. Such methods as analytical review, analysis and
processing of information, the method of decomposition of goals and objectives, as well as
the method of ontological modeling are used. The proposed model reflects the main goal
of the regional science and technology policy β the consolidation of efforts to implement
the federal science, technology and innovation policy in the territories, taking into account
their specifics and features, complementing and strengthening them. At the same time,
the results of the implementation of scientific, technological and innovation policy should
be measurable indicators of abovementioned region sphere developmen and the effects
should be measurable indicators of the socio-economic development of the region. The
model indicates the need to create a basic block of regulatory support for the scientific,
technological and innovative sphere of the subject of the Russian Federation, as well as
a specialized state executive authority of the subject with a block of regional institutes of
innovative development. The implementation of the regional scientific, technological and
innovation policy according to the proposed model can contribute to the centralization
of the countryβs scientific, technological and innovation policy in order to achieve the
technological sovereignty objective
Training IT Professionals in a Research and Development University ΠΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎ-Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅
In preparation of experts in applied computer science at research university it is necessary to give more attention typical methods and standards of the organisation, carrying out and realisation (introduction) scientifical and research works, taking as a reference point style of preparation of IT-professionals at the American universities<br>Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, Π²Π·ΡΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ’-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Mathematic-Statistical Substantiation of Assessment of Studentβs Knowledge During Testing ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
A formalised approach to transformation of a number of correct answers of a student into a scale of traditional marks, based on the mathematic-statistical theory of testing hypotheses, is discussed in the article.Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·
Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of regional infrastructure facilities to support scientific, technical and innovation activities in the context of the synergy effect: analysis, formation and study
Abstract The objective of the study is to develop a method for the evaluation of efficiency of the regional infrastructure facilities for the support of scientific, research, technical and innovation activities. This paper presents an analysis of the methods currently used in Russia and abroad, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the analysis, the author suggests a list of parameters characterizing the given domain, and develops a system for the integrated parameter calculation; a list of the regions is provided with the potential for the most objective efficiency evaluation and testing of the developed method; conclusions are made based on the demonstrated calculations. As a result, the developed method is considered effective and promising. Regardless of the composite index currently being in the stability zone, some of its components may lie in the catastrophic risk zone, posing potential threats to the further innovative development of the subject. At the same time, it is found out that an important role in the efficient functioning of the infrastructure supporting the scientific, research, technical and innovation activities belongs to the legislative environment and the closed innovative cycle (synergy effect)
Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ: ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The administration of science and innovations is one of the most actively studied areas of knowledge in modern research in the field of management. The article concentrates on an overview of the existing practices of the organisations supporting science, research and development, and innovations in the regions of the Russian Federation. At present, in developed countries all over the world, high-tech product exports tend to occupy a substantial share in the country economics. The costs of R&D have a significant contribution to the value of such products. Consequently, the creation of high-tech products is directly related to the proper functioning of the research and innovation sector, which is impossible without a well-built system of research and innovations support organisations, both at the national and regional levels. The attraction of the research community to innovation activities through financial support leads to a significant increase in the scientific potential of regions and the state as a whole, which cannot but the most positively affect the economy. State support for innovations is a set of measures taken by state authorities of the Russian Federation and local administrative agencies in accordance with the national and local laws in order to create the necessary legal, economic and organisational environment; as well as the incentives for legal and physical entities who carry out innovation activities. The Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation specifies the organisations supporting science, R&D and innovations as an important element of the research and innovation system and one of the key elements of the Science National Project. Their effective operation is to facilitate the development of Russia and ensure the ability of the country and its regions to effectively meet major challenges. As part of the article, we analyse regional models of the science, R&D and innovation support organisations that are currently in force and those being proposed by Russian and foreign authors. We
also evaluate the network cooperation of various types of regional support organisations
with each other, taking into account the synergy effect. As a result, the most effective
mechanisms and practices of the organisations supporting science, R&D and innovations
at the regional level in the Russian Federation should be determined. In addition, we
will define the goals of regional infrastructure elements of the research and innovations
support organisations focused on the consumer in the innovation cycle. The data obtained
in the research will contribute to the formation of an effective operation system and
application of the best Russian and foreign practices by the existing science, R&D and
innovations support organisations in the futureΠ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ,
ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Β», ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅
Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅