34 research outputs found
A package of momentum and heat transfer coefficientsfor the stable atmospheric surface layer
The polar atmospheric surface layer is often stably stratified, which strongly influences turbulent transport processes between the atmosphere and sea ice/ocean. Transport is usually parametrized applying Monin Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) which delivers transfer coefficients as a function of stability parameters (see below). In a series of papers (Gryanik and LΓΌpkes, 2018; Gryanik et al., 2020,2021; Gryanik and LΓΌpkes, 2022) it has been shown that differences between existing parametrizations are large, especially for strong stability. One reason is that they are based on different data sets, for which the origin of differences is still unclear. In this situation Gryanik et al. (2021) as well as Gryanik and LΓΌpkes (2022) proposed a numerically efficient method, which can be used for most of the existing data sets and their specific stability dependences. A package of parametrization resulted that is suitable for its application in weather prediction and climate models. Especially, calculation of fluxes over sea ice were improved. Combined with latest parametrizations of surface roughness it has a large impact on large scale fields as shown recently by Schneider et al. (2021) who applied some members of the package
Results of instrumental aerial survey of ice-associated seals on the ice in the Okhotsk Sea in May 2013
Populations of ice-associated seals in the Okhotsk Sea are assessed using modern instrumental aerial technique. The aerial survey was conducted over a part of the ice-covered area of the Sea on May 1-9, 2013 by means of thermal scan and visual digital photography from the aircraft-laboratory An-38 Β«VostokΒ». The ice covered area of the Okhotsk Sea in the time of survey was estimated as 242,000 km2, and 2,993 km2 of it was covered by survey transects with total length 5,617 km. The number of animals on all transects within the equipment swath was counted. Four seal species were identified: bearded, spotted, ribbon, and ringed seals, and their number and distribution were determined. The infra-red scanner recorded 5,730 seals on the ice and 4,360 these animals were photographed including 844 ringed seals, 453 bearded, 721 spotted, 1,805 ribbon, 435 pups non-identified to the species, and 102 non-identified to species adult seals. These assessments were extrapolated over the whole ice-covered area of the Okhotsk Sea using a linear model framework, and the following estimations of the species total abundance were presented (95 % confidence intervals in brackets): 88,253 (64,120-130,320) ringed seals, 39,743 (27,868-60,026) bearded seals, 181,179 (118,392-316,995) ribbon seals, and 84,356 (55,172-113,540) spotted seals. A database on all recorded seals with their Β«portrait-photosΒ» and accompanying information is created on materials of the aerial survey. The developed instrumental technology can be used as a basis for wider aerial surveys of ice-associated seals in the North Pacific
Ignition of premixed air/fuel mixtures by microwave steamer discharge
A variety of methods exists for fast and efficient combustion of air-fuel mixtures. In this study, a microwave subcritical streamer discharge is used to ignite propane-air mixtures at atmospheric pressure. The streamer is initiated at the inner surface of a dielectric tube with the help of a passive half-wave vibrator. By creating a network of ignition lines, the streamer discharge forms the network of burning channels with large total surface area. This leads to the apparent speed of combustion propagation along the cylinder in excess of 100 m/s, which is more than 200 times the laminar flame propagation speed. The axial propagation of the combustion front in a cylindrical tube filled with the air/propane mixture is investigated by high speed video recording in visible light. A simple model is presented to explain observed results
Methodology for Development of a 600-Year Tree-Ring Multi-Element Record for Larch from the Taymir Peninsula, Russia
We developed a long (600-year) dataset for the concentrations of 26 elements in tree rings of larch from the Taymir Peninsula, the northernmost region in the world (ca. 72Β°N) where trees grow. Tree rings corresponding to the time period from 1300 to 1900 A.D. were studied. Eleven wood strips, each from a different larch tree, were cut into ca. 100 mg samples usually consisting of ten consecutive tree rings (but occasionally five). Between 19 and 40 consecutive samples resulted from each tree, yielding a total of 277 samples. The replication of each time interval ranged from three (for periods 1300-1400 A.D. and 1600-1700 A.D.) to six (for 1450-1600 A.D.). Wood samples were digested with concentrated HNO 3 for measurement of Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, W, Au, Pb, Bi, Th, and U using solution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). Fourteen elements (V, Co, As, Y, Nb, Mo, Sb, La, Ce, Nd, W, Au, Th, and U) with extremely low concentrations were eliminated from consideration as unreliable. Here we report our sample preparation and measurement procedure, as well as the observed concentrations in tree rings, emphasizing considerations for developing representative and reliable denrodochemical datasets.ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
(600 Π»Π΅Ρ) ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ 26 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π’Π°ΠΉΠΌΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 72Β° Ρ.Ρ.), Π³Π΄Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ 1300 ΠΏΠΎ 1900 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Π½.Ρ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100 ΠΌΠ³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ (Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠΈ). ΠΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ 19 Π΄ΠΎ 40 ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 277 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
(Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 1300-1400 Π³.Π½.Ρ. ΠΈ 1600-1700 Π³.Π½.Ρ.) Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 1450-1600 Π³.Π½.Ρ.). ΠΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ HNO 3 Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, W, Au, Pb, Bi, Th ΠΈ U ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ (ICP-MS) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (V, Co, As, Y, Nb, Mo, Sb, La, Ce, Nd, W, Au, Th ΠΈ U) Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
The objective: to evaluate the effect of high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation on the mortality rate in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).Subjects and methods. A one-center retrospective study was conducted. Electronic medical files of patients treated in the ICU from April 1 to MayΒ 25,Β 2020, were analyzed. Totally, 101 medical files were selected, further, they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 49) included patients who received oxygen insufflation, and should it fail, they received traditional artificial ventilation. No non-invasive respiratory therapy was used in this group. Group 2 (n = 52) included patients who received high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The mortality rate in the groups made a primary endpoint for assessing the impact of high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The following parameters were also analyzed: drug therapy, the number of patients in whom non-invasive techniques were used taking into account the frequency of cases when these techniques failed, and the number of patients in whom artificial ventilation was initiated.Results. In Group 2, non-invasive methods of respiratory therapy were used in 31 (60%) cases. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 19 (36%) ofΒ them; in 13 cases this method allowed weaning them from the high flow. Non-invasive ventilation was used in 18 cases, in 12 patients it was used due to progressing severe respiratory failure during humidified oxygen insufflation, in 6 patients β after the failed high-flow oxygen therapy. In Group 1, 25 (51%) patients were intubated and transferred to artificial ventilation, in Group 2, 10 (19.2%) underwent the same. The lethal outcome was registered in 23 (47%) cases in Group 1, and in 10 (19.2%) in Group 2 (p = 0.004). Analysis of drug therapy in the groups revealed the difference inΒ the prescription of pathogenetic therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated the effectiveness of the combination of tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid inΒ reducing the frequency of lethal cases (p = 0.001).Conclusion. The use of non-invasive respiratory support in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection combined with therapy by tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid can reduce the incidence of lethal cases.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ ΠΠ’).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ ΠΠ’ Ρ 1 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 25 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2020 Π³. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ 101, Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β 1 (n = 49) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β 2 (n = 52) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β 2 ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² 31 (60%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ 19 (36%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
; Π² 13 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² 18 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, Ρ 12 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρ 6 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 25 (51%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β 1, 10 (19,2%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β 2. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β 1 Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 23 (47%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β 2 β Π² 10 (19,2%) (p = 0,004). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π± + Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° (p = 0,001).ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π± + Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°
A package of universal non-iterative parametrizations of momentum and heat transfer coefficients for the stable surface layer
Transfer coefficients based on new modified and extended stability functions for the stably stratified surface layer using SHEBA measurements
New extended and modified SHEBA based stability functions and related parametrizations of bulk transfer coefficients
New modified and extended stability functions for the stable boundary layer based on SHEBA data
The calculation of the near-surface turbulent fluxes of energy and momentum in climate and weather prediction models requires transfer coefficients. Currently used parametrizations of these coefficients are based on stability functions derived from measurements over land and not over sea ice. However, recently, a non-iterative parametrization has been proposed by Gryanik and LΓΌpkes (2018), which can be applied to climate and weather prediction models as well but uses stability functions of Grachev et al. (2007). These functions had been obtained from measurements during the Surface Heat Budget over the Arctic Ocean campaign (SHEBA) and thus from measurements over sea ice. A drawback of the scheme of Gryanik and LΓΌpkes (2018) is that there is still some complexity due to the complexity of the SHEBA based functions.
Thus new stability functions are proposed for the stable boundary layer, which are also based on the SHEBA measurements but avoid the complexity. It is shown that the new functions are superior to the former ones with respect to the representation of the measured relationship between the Obukhov length and the bulk Richardson number. Moreover, the resulting transfer coefficients agree slightly better with the SHEBA observations in the very stable range. Nevertheless, the functions fulfill the same criteria of applicability as the earlier functions and contain furthermore as an extension a dependence on the neutral Prandtl number. Applying the new functions, an efficient non-iterative parametrization of the near-surface turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat is developed where transfer coefficients result as a function of the bulk Richardson number (Rib) and roughness parameters. The new transfer coefficients, which are recommended for weather and climate models, agree well with the SHEBA data in a large range of stability (0< Rib<0.5) and with those based on the Dyer-Businger functions in the range Rib <0.08