A TRAJETÓRIA DA COAPAR NA MICRORREGIÃO DE ANDRADINA (SP): INSTRUMENTO DE LUTA PARA A MANUTENÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO DO CAMPESINATO

O presente trabalho aborda o processo de construção e desenvolvimento da COAPAR no município de Andradina (SP). A cooperativa é fruto das demandas do MST, que desde a década de 1980 fomenta e organiza ações de luta pela terra na região noroeste de São Paulo. Foram empregadas diversas fontes de leitura, realizados trabalhos de campo e entrevistas, através da pesquisa militante. É empreendida uma análise da formação da cooperativa, da comercialização junto ao PNAE e dos desafios e avanços que potencializam a permanência da vida no campo e a reprodução social das famílias camponesas. A partir de 2015, com a participação no PNAE, a cooperativa avançou na comercialização de produtos como o leite em pó, iogurte, manteiga, feijão, leite UHT, requeijão e mandioca. Mesmo diante das fragilidades e dificuldades, a COAPAR contribui decisivamente na manutenção dos territórios do campesinato na região

Cementoblastoma affecting the maxilla of a pediatric patient: A case report

AbstractCementoblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, classified as a rare lesion, of slow growth, with expansion of the cortical bone; it is associated with the root of a tooth with pulp vitality, appearing more commonly in the posterior region of the mandible. In this paper, a rare case report of a surgically treated benign cementoblastoma affecting the maxilla of an 11-year- old patient is presented. Furthermore, the diagnostic methods, the clinical, imaging and histopathological features, and the treatment options are discussed. Finally, correlations are made with findings in the scientific literature

ESTUDO DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DE POLPAS DE HIDRÓXIDO DE MAGNÉSIO

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a cinética de secagem em estufa através da obtenção de dados de secagem de suas curvas e aplicação dos modelos matemáticos aplicados à secagem de polpas de hidróxido de magnésio preparadas a partir da hidratação de duas fontes distintas de magnésia cáustica e de uma polpa de hidróxido de magnésio p.a., a título de comparação. As polpas preparadas a partir das fontes de magnésia cáustica foram obtidas por hidratação do óxido de magnésio em um sistema híbrido reator-moinho de bolas após 5 horas de reação. Para caracterização físico-química das amostras, foram utilizadas as técnicas de fluorescência de raios X e análise granulométrica por difração a laser. Os resultados mostraram alta velocidade de secagem das polpas com a etapa de secagem à taxa constante como sendo a controladora do processo, com transferência de calor e massa predominantemente a partir da superfície, apresentando um melhor ajuste ao modelo de Lei de Resfriamento de Newton. ABSTRACTThe aim of the present work was to study the kinetics of drying in stove by obtaining drying data of its curves and applying the mathematical models applied to the drying of magnesium hydroxide pulps prepared from the hydration of two different sources of caustic magnesia and one magnesium hydroxide pulp, for comparison purposes. The pulps prepared from the sources of caustic magnesia were obtained by hydration of the magnesium oxide in a reactor-ball mill hybrid system after 5 hours of reaction. For the physicochemical characterization of the samples, the techniques of X-ray fluorescence and granulometric analysis by laser diffraction were used. The results showed a high drying rate of the pulps with the drying step at constant rate as the process controller, with heat transfer and mass predominantly from the surface, presenting a better fit to the Newton Cooling Law model

Maternal Toxoplasma gondii infection affects proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle regulation of retinal neural progenitor cells in mouse embryo

BackgroundToxoplasmosis affects one third of the world population and has the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as etiological agent. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) can cause severe damage to the fetus, including miscarriages, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus and retinochoroiditis. Severity of CT depends on the gestational period in which infection occurs, and alterations at the cellular level during retinal development have been reported. In this study, we proposed a mouse CT model to investigate the impact of infection on retinal development.MethodsPregnant females of pigmented C57BL/6 strain mice were infected intragastrically with two T. gondii cysts (ME49 strain) at embryonic day 10 (E10), and the offspring were analyzed at E18.ResultsInfected embryos had significantly smaller body sizes and weights than the PBS-treated controls, indicating that embryonic development was affected. In the retina, a significant increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells (marker of proliferating cells) was found in the apical region of the NBL of infected mice compared to the control. Supporting this, cell cycle proteins Cyclin D3, Cdk6 and pChK2 were significantly altered in infected retinas. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant increase in the population of β-III-tubulin-positive cells, one of the earliest markers of neuronal differentiation.ConclusionsOur data suggests that CT affects cell cycle progression in retinal progenitor cells, possibly inducing the arrest of these cells at G2/M phase. Such alterations could influence the differentiation, anticipating/increasing neuronal maturation, and therefore leading to abnormal retinal formation. Our model mimics important events observed in ocular CT

Improvement in lung function and functional capacity in morbidly obese women subjected to bariatric surgery

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weight loss in women with morbid obesity subjected to bariatric surgery alters lung function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and the level of habitual physical activity and to investigate the relationship between these variables and changes in both body composition and anthropometrics. METHODS: Twenty-four women with morbid obesity were evaluated with regard to lung function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, body composition, anthropometrics and the level of habitual physical activity two weeks prior to and six months after bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Regarding lung function, mean increases of 160 mL in slow vital capacity, 550 mL in expiratory reserve volume, 290 mL in forced vital capacity and 250 mL in forced expiratory volume in the first second as well as a mean reduction of 490 mL in inspiratory capacity were found. Respiratory muscle strength increased by a mean of 10 cmH2O of maximum inspiratory pressure, and a 72-meter longer distance on the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test demonstrated that functional capacity also improved. Significant changes also occurred in anthropometric variables and body composition but not in the level of physical activity detected using the Baecke questionnaire, indicating that the participants remained sedentary. Moreover, correlations were found between the percentages of lean and fat mass and both inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that changes in body composition and anthropometric variables exerted a direct influence on functional capacity and lung function in the women analyzed but exerted no influence on sedentarism, even after accentuated weight loss following bariatric surgery

Influence of tropical upright pasture structural and chemical characteristics on lamb grazing time

Tropical pasture canopy characteristics can alter lamb ingestive behavior. Our study evaluated the ingestive behavior of young lambs in different tropical pastures to identify which variables interfere in their grazing activity. Two years of study were carried out with 54 weaned lambs distributed in three different pasture canopies: 1) monoculture of an upright grass, guinea grass (Panicum maximum; GG); 2) monoculture of a shrubby legume pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan; PP) and 3) contiguous paddock with half GG and half PP (GP). The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design (3 blocks). Lamb ingestive behavior was observed from sunrise to sunset with records every 5 minutes. To identify the main variables that affected lamb grazing activity, a multivariate analysis of the Decision Tree was performed. Our results showed that there was no difference in the ingestive behavior parameters of young lambs in different canopies (P > 0.05). There was interaction among the canopies and the experimental periods for the variables idleness time and biting rate (P ≤ 0.05). Lambs in all canopies showed more idleness time in the first evaluation period. Lambs in canopies containing grass (GG and GP) exhibited greater bites per minute throughout the experimental period. Lamb grazing time increased 40% as experimental period progressed and plants matured. The Decision Tree identified leaf:stem ratio as the variable that most influenced lamb grazing time in GG and GP canopies while in the PP, grazing time was directly related to canopy height. The behavior of young lambs on tropical pasture is variable as there is a change in the behavioral response to canopy characteristics over time. In addition, the grazing time of these animals can be estimated by means of variables related to canopy structural characteristics (leaf:stem ratio and height) together with chemical variables

Control of Haematobia irritans in the Minas Gerais Semiarid

Background: Beef cattle is considered to be one of the most important economic activities, however, it presents problems in the production chain such as the occurrence of parasites that reduce the growth, performance, productivity and may cause mortalities occasionally. The chemical control is the most used alternative to reduce ectoparasites. Nevertheless, inappropriate management of insecticides has contributed to the selection of population resistant to the products available on the market. This paper aimed to evaluate the practices of management and the application of insecticides used to control horn flies in farms of dairy cattle in the North of the state of Minas Gerais.Materials, Methods & Results: It was visited 62 rural properties, which produce milk. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in order to obtain information on the characteristics of the properties (location, size and type of the cattle), on the knowledge about the epidemiology of the horn flies, and on the practices adopted to the control of those parasites. The practices adopted include the moment of application of the insecticides, frequency of the cattle treatment, used products, method of application, number of animals treated, and choice and substitution criteria of insecticides. The data collected were tabulated in contingency tables, and they were analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a significance of 5%. The racial composition of the cattle in the farms was mainly mixed-race of unknown origin, representing 77% of the animals evaluated. In this research, it was reported a greater incidence of horn flies infestation on adult beef herd, and 23.6% of the producers reported occurrences of infestation in the whole herd, not differing by categories. The infestation peaks of the fly occurred from November to March. It was also found a greater frequency of pyrethroid use in the region (P < 0.001), where 43.1% of the producers used associations of pyrethroid or organophosphate to control the flies, high efficiency being reported. From the properties assessed, 92% presented inadequacy in the practices of control of horn flies, for instance, the lack of using cattle manure tank, the accumulation of open waste, the lack of rotation of insecticides, which can favor the selection of resistant flies.Discussion: In this paper, it was reported 77.19% of predominance of Haematobia irritans infestation from November to March mainly in animals with a higher percentage of European or mixed-race genetics. Such results corroborate with the literature, because it was verified the influence of race and hair color in the level of infestation in the animals, although, in the same race, each individual presents different susceptibilities. Taurine beef cattle are more susceptible to infestation by horn flies than zebu cattle. Thus, the lower the proportion of zebu cattle genetics in the herd, the greater the infestation. Taurine beef cattle are more infested because shows a greater number of sebaceous glands and greater concentration of testosterone being attractive before the calves castrated, cows, and after, young animals. Cypermethrin was predominant in most part of the commercial insecticides used in the properties to control this ectoparasite, which could be justified by the large number of products available on the market with such compound in the formulations. The high efficiency of the associations of the insecticides reported by the producers could justify itself by the presence of active ingredients with different mechanisms of action. However, the limitation on the use of these associations is that not always the chemical compounds contained in the drug act simultaneously, being able to favor the selection of parasites resistant to different insecticides present in these formulations

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of cornea transplant patients of a reference hospital

Objetivo: caracterizar clínicamente los pacientes trasplantados y su distribución, con descripción de las condiciones indicadoras y posoperatorias de los trasplantes de córneas, así como estimar el tiempo promedio en la fila de espera. Método: estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo y analítico, realizado con todos los trasplantes de córnea realizados en un servicio de referencia (n=258). Los datos fueron analizados con el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 20.0. Resultados: la principal condición indicadora para el trasplante de córnea fue el queratocono. El tiempo promedio en fila de espera para realización del trasplante fue de aproximadamente 5 meses y tres semanas, para trasplantes electivos y de 9 días para los casos de urgencia. Existió asociación entre el tipo de disturbio de la córnea con: sexo, intervalo etario, cirugía previa, clasificación del ojo, glaucoma y rechazo del injerto anterior. Conclusión: el queratocono fue la principal condición indicadora para el trasplante de córnea. Factores como: edad; rechazo de injerto de córnea anterior (retrasplante); glaucoma; y casos de cirugías previas al trasplante de córnea, destacando la cirugía de catarata, pueden estar relacionados con el aparecimiento de disturbios de la córnea de tipo endotelial.Objetivo: caracterizar clinicamente os pacientes transplantados e sua distribuição com descrição das condições indicadoras e pós-operatórias dos transplantes de córneas, bem como estimar o tempo médio em fila de espera. Método: estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e analítico, realizado com todos os transplantes de córnea realizados em um serviço de referência (n= 258). Os dados foram analisados com uso do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 20.0. Resultados: a principal condição indicadora para o transplante de córnea foi o ceratocone. O tempo médio em fila de espera para realização do transplante foi de aproximadamente 5 meses e três semanas para o transplantes eletivos e 9 dias para os casos de urgência. Existiu associação entre o tipo de distúrbio da córnea com sexo, faixa etária, cirurgia prévia, classificação do olho, glaucoma e falência do enxerto anterior. Conclusão: o ceratocone foi a principal condição indicadora para o transplante de córnea. Fatores como idade, falência de enxerto corneano anterior (retransplante), glaucoma, casos de cirurgias prévias ao transplante de córnea, com destaque para a cirurgia de catarata, podem estar relacionados com o aparecimento de distúrbios da córnea do tipo endotelial.Objective: clinically characterizing cornea transplant patients and their distribution according to indicated and post-operative conditions of cornea transplantation, as well as estimating the average waiting time. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study performed for all cornea transplants performed at a reference service (n=258). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20.0. Results: the main indicator for cornea transplant was keratoconus. The mean waiting time for the transplant was approximately 5 months and 3 weeks for elective transplants and 9 days for urgent cases. An association between the type of corneal disorder with gender, age, previous surgery, eye classification, glaucoma and anterior graft failure were found. Conclusion: keratoconus was the main indicator for cornea transplant. Factors such as age, previous corneal graft failure (retransplantation), glaucoma, cases of surgeries prior to cornea transplant (especially cataract surgery) may be related to the onset corneal endothelium disorders

Effect of replacing Tifton 85 haylage with sorghum silage on intake and digestibility of nutrients and performance of beef cattle

Avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso (GMD) e a convers?o alimentar (CA) em bovinos de corte recebendo dietas ? base de silagem de sorgo (SS) e pr?-secado de capim-tifton 85 como volumoso, nas seguintes propor??es: 0:100; 32:68; 66:34 e 100:0, respectivamente, com base na MS. As dietas (isonitrogenadas) foram formuladas para conter aproximadamente 12% de PB, adotando-se uma rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, na MS. Foram utilizados 24 animais mesti?os Holand?s x Zebu n?o-castrados (360 kg de PV) distribu?dos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Ap?s um per?odo de adapta??o de 15 dias, foram realizados tr?s per?odos experimentais de 28 dias. Para determina??o da excre??o fecal, utilizou-se a fibra em detergente ?cido indigest?vel (FDAi) como indicador. Os consumos m?dios di?rios de MS, MO, PB, EE, CT e NDT, em kg/dia, n?o foram influenciados pelas dietas, registrando-se valores m?dios de 9,46; 9,05; 1,20; 0,52, 7,4 e 6,23 kg/dia, respectivamente. As digestibilidades aparentes da MS, MO, PB e EE foram influenciadas de forma quadr?tica pelo n?vel de SS no volumoso, estimando-se digestibilidades m?nimas de 60,33; 61,58; 61,89 e 55,83% nos n?veis de 44,80; 47,18; 50,95 e 51,21% de silagem de sorgo, respectivamente. O GMD e a CA foram influenciados de forma quadr?tica pelos n?veis de SS e apresentaram valores m?ximos e m?nimos de 1,25 kg/dia e 7,66 para os n?veis de 60,95 e 67,04% de SS, respectivamente. O uso de silagem pr?-secada de capim-tifton 85 associada ? silagem de sorgo consistiu em boa alternativa de volumoso para termina??o de bovinos de corte. A inclus?o de aproximadamente 60% de silagem de sorgo no volumoso promoveu m?ximo ganho de peso estimado.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Intake, digestibility of nutrients, daily weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated in beef cattle receiving diets containing the following ratios of sorghum silage:Tifton 85 haylage: 0:100; 32:68; 66:34; and 100:0. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (12% crude protein) with a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, on DM basis. Twenty-four crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers averaging 360 kg of initial body weight were distributed in a completely randomized block design with 15 days for diet adaptation followed by three experimental periods of 28 days each. Indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) was used to estimate fecal output. Mean daily intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, TC, and TDN all were not affected by treatments with mean values of: 9.46, 9.05, 1.20, 0.52, 7.4, and 6.23 kg/day, respectively. Significant quadratic effects were observed for the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and EE with estimated minimum digestibilities of 60.33, 61.58, 61.89, and 55.83% for the levels of 44.80, 47.18, 50.95, and 51.21% of sorghum silage in the forage portion of the diet, respectively. Mean daily weight gain and feed conversion also were affected quadratically by increasing the level of sorghum silage in the forage portion of the diet with estimated maximum and minimum values of 1.25 kg/day and 7.66 for the levels of 60.95 and 67.04% of sorghum silage, respectively. Results indicated that varying dietary ratios of Tifton 85 haylage and sorghum silage is a good alternative for feeding forage to finishing beef cattle. Inclusion of approximately 60% of sorghum silage in the total dietary forage resulted in the greatest estimated weight gain

Effect of replacing Tifton 85 hay with corn silage on intake, digestibility, and performance of crossbred Limousin x Zebu bulls

Avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso e a convers?o alimentar de bovinos de corte recebendo dietas contendo feno de capim-tifton 85 e silagem de milho nas propor??es 100:0; 68:32; 35:65 e 0:100, com base na MS. Foram utilizados 19 animais mesti?os Limousin x Zebu, n?o-castrados, com PV inicial de 301 kg, distribu?dos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A rela??o volumoso:concentrado foi de 58:42, com base na MS. O ensaio teve dura??o de 99 dias, sendo 15 dias de adapta??o e tr?s per?odos de 28 dias para avalia??es. Para determina??o da excre??o fecal, utilizou-se a fibra em detergente ?cido indigest?vel (FDAi) como indicador. Os consumos m?dios de MS, MO, PB, CT e FDN apresentaram efeito quadr?tico em fun??o de n?veis crescentes de silagem de milho. Para os consumos de MS e MO, estimaram-se valores m?ximos de 7,52 e 7,08 kg/dia para os n?veis de 61,13 e 61,78%, respectivamente, de silagem de milho no volumoso. As digestibilidades aparentes de MS, MO e FDN n?o foram influenciadas pelos n?veis de silagem de milho no volumoso. O ganho de peso m?dio di?rio aumentou de forma linear e a convers?o alimentar decresceu, tamb?m de forma linear, com o incremento da propor??o de silagem de milho no volumoso das dietas. A silagem de milho como constituinte do volumoso da dieta, na propor??o de 61%, proporcionou m?ximo consumo de MS. O ganho de peso aumentou 4,82 g/dia para cada unidade de silagem de milho adicionada ao volumoso da dieta para novilhos mesti?os Limousin.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Intake, digestibility of nutrients, daily gain, and feed conversion were evaluated in beef cattle receiving diets containing Tifton 85 hay and corn silage in the following proportions (% forage DM): 100:0, 68:32, 35:65, and 0:100. A forage:concentrate ratio of 58:42 (% diet DM) was used. Nineteen crossbred Limousin x Zebu bulls averaging 301 kg of initial body weight were allotted to completely randomized design. The trial lasted 99 days with 15 days for diet adaptation and three experimental periods of 28 days. Indigestible acid detergent fiber was used as an internal marker to estimate fecal excretion. The mean daily intakes of DM, OM, CP, TC, and NDF all responded quadratically by increasing the corn silage level in the diet. The quadratic maxima for both DM and OM intakes were 7.52 and 7.08 kg/day at 61.13 and 61.78% of corn silage in the forage fraction of the diet, respectively. The apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF were not affected by the proportion of corn silage in the diet. However, average daily gain and feed conversion increased and decreased linearly, respectively, when the proportion of corn silage in the forage portion of the diet was increased from 0 to 100%. The weight gain of crossbred Limousin x Zebu bulls increased 4.82 g/day per each unit of corn silage included in the diet