Epidemiological analysis of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) infecting pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

Dirofilaria immitis infection is routinely detected in dogs during veterinary care in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Parasitological tests for the detection of this infection are routinely performed only in areas with a high prevalence. Baixada Fluminense, a region in Rio de Janeiro, was considered heartworm-free until local veterinarians began to receive blood exams results indicating the presence of microfilariae (MF). A laboratory database was hence used to collect data from 2017 to 2020 to understand the extent of spread of the parasite in this area. The results of complete blood count analysis and MF or heartworm antigen detection tests conducted on canine samples sent from veterinary clinics in Baixada Fluminense (Magé, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim, Nova Iguaçu, and São João de Meriti municipalities) were included. In total, the results of 16,314 hematological tests were considered. The overall prevalence of D. immitis was 3.4% (554/16,314), considering that only one test result was obtained per animal on the same day. This study is highly relevant because it indicates the spreading geographic distribution of the worms, heightens awareness among local health professionals and the general population, and encourages compliance with prophylactic measures to prevent further spread of parasite

Estudos Artísticos

Nesta procura continuada de reunir escritos de artistas sobre outros criadores se reuniram neste número da Revista Croma dezasseis artigos que têm em comum a determinação interventiva e emancipada. Provoca-se o inconformismo, ensaia-se o pensamento. A intervenção advém do estatuto, do capital simbólico associado à autoria. O estatuto político da arte centra o artista e tona-o vocal. A sua perspetiva, a sua síntese, a sua fantasia, são agora meios para uma mediação junto de todos, em direção a uma transformação fundamental e construtora de um dos pontos essenciais da cultura: a arte emancipada. Com a emancipação da arte, criou-se uma nova referencialidade, um novo descentramento, um olhar exterior, um olhar do homem sobre o homem, um olhar político mediado pelas formas pensadas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Potencial Zoonótico por Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) Raillet & Henry, 1911 na Baixada Fluminense do Rio de Janeiro

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-10-03T11:37:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) viviane_vieira_ioc_mest_2019.pdf: 5322469 bytes, checksum: a2c22d92fb2ff6d7444189fff5aed7ed (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Aguiar ([email protected]) on 2019-11-22T14:21:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 viviane_vieira_ioc_mest_2019.pdf: 5322469 bytes, checksum: a2c22d92fb2ff6d7444189fff5aed7ed (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-22T14:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 viviane_vieira_ioc_mest_2019.pdf: 5322469 bytes, checksum: a2c22d92fb2ff6d7444189fff5aed7ed (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Dirofilaria immitis é o bioagente patogênico da dirofilariose, agravo frequente à saúde dos cães, principalmente em áreas costeiras de regiões tropicais e subtropicais. A dirofilariose humana é uma zoonose considerada acidental, presente em diferentes países, inclusive no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência da infecção canina por filarídeos nos municípios de Magé, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim e Nova Iguaçu, na Baixada Fluminense, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de amostras de sangue de cães nascidos, criados e atendidos em serviços veterinários. Amostras diagnosticadas como positivas após análise pelos testes laboratoriais foram submetidas à PCR-Multiplex e sequenciamento, para identificação específica. Em todos os municípios estudados foram detectados cães infectados. A frequência geral em relação aos casos positivos de cães microfilarêmicos foi de 76,9% (113/147) e deste total, 100 amostras (88,5%) amplificaram o fragmento do gene 12S. As maiores frequências de animais parasitados das amostras do laboratório de patologia clínica foram observadas em Magé (51%; 51/100) e Duque de Caxias (40%; 40/100) (p<0,00; \03C72=23,7; OR=8,71) Cães machos foram os mais parasitados (62,3%; \03C72=1,26; p=0,25), a faixa etária entre 1 a 6 anos foi a mais acometida (62,1%; \03C72=1,96; p=0,16), e a chance de um animal de porte grande ser parasitado é 3,6 vezes maior em relação a um cão de porte médio (63,6%; \03C72=7,47; p=0,02; OR=3,64). Das amostras submetidas à reação de sequenciamento, 93,6% (73/78) foram identificadas como D. immitis e 6,4% (5/78) como Achantocheilonema reconditum. A alta frequência e a consideração de que as áreas onde vivem os cães com D. immitis são ambientes naturais para criadouros dos vetores culicídeos, permitem inferir sobre o estabelecimento e a manutenção do ciclo enzoótico na região analisada, sinalizam sua vulnerabilidade para a ocorrência do ciclo epidêmico e apontam para a possibilidade de ocorrência de casos humanos. O estudo permitiu caracterizar e determinar a ocorrência de filarioses caninas na região e possibilitou a avaliação de risco para a população humana e orientações de medidas integradas de prevenção.Dirofilaria immitis is the pathogenic bioagent of dilofilariasis, a frequent health problem to dogs, mainly in coastal areas of tropical and subtropical regions. Human dirofilariasis is a zoonosis considered to be accidental, present in different countries, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of the canine infection caused by filarids in Magé, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim and Nova Iguaçu municipalities, located at Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. This study included blood samples of dogs who were born, raised and treated at veterinary services. Samples diagnosed as positive after laboratorial tests were submitted to MultiplexPCR and DNA sequencing for specific identification. Infected dogs were found in all studied municipalities. General frequency related to the positive microfilaremic dogs was 76.9% (113/147) and of these, 100 samples (88.5%) amplified the gene fragment 12S. The highest frequencies obtained from samples analyzed at the clinical pathology laboratory were from Magé (51%; 51/100) and Duque de Caxias (40%; 40/100) (p<0,00; χ2=23,7; OR=8,71). Male dogs were the most parasitized (62,3%; χ 2=1,26; p=0,25), 1 to 6 years age group was the most affected (62,1%; χ 2=1,96; p=0,16) and the chance of a large-sized dog of being parasitized is 3.6 times higher when compared to the chance of a medium-sized dog (63,6%; χ 2=7,47; p=0,02; OR=3,64). Of the samples submitted to sequencing, 93.6% (73/78) were identified as D. immitis and 6.4% (5/78) as Achantocheilonema reconditum. The high frequencies observed and the fact that the areas where the infected dogs live are natural environments for Culicidae vectors’ reproduction, allow to infer about the presence and maintenance of the enzootic cycle at the analyzed region, signalize for its’ vulnerability related to the epidemic cycle and suggest the possibility of the occurrence of human cases. This study allowed characterizing and determining the occurrence of canine filariasis at the region, evaluating the risk for the human population and guidance related to prevention