HPTLC evaluation of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from the methanol extract of Wattakaka volubilis

Objective: To find out the secondary metabolites present in the methanol extract of Wattakaka volubilis (W. volubilis). Methods: High performance thin layer chromatography method for the quantification of triterpenoids in soxhlet methanol extract of W. volubilis is described by densitometric scanning. The linear regression data from the calibration curve was plotted over the range of 10–25 μg/mL, r2 = 0.992 46, 0.950 42 respectively. A mixture of toluene: methanol (9:1) was used as mobile phase for oleanolic acid were petroleum ether: chloroform: ethyl acetate: methanol (4:1:0.1:0.1) were used for ursolic acid. Results: The results showed that the presence of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in methanol extract. The content found to be 218.30 ng and 509.99 ng/10 mg of extract. Conclusion: For conclusion, above study scientifically validated as a useful traditional medicine with the identification of bioactive secondary metabolites

Optimized culture conditions for bacteriocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 and its characterization

106-110A strain of Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 was isolated from vacuum-packed fermented meat product, in order to obtain a novel bacteriocin from food-grade organisms. Optimized culture conditions for bacteriocin production in different media (viz., MRS, TGE, TGE + buffer, TGE + Tween 80, and TGE + Tween 80 + buffer) and at different temperatures and pH conditions were reported. TGE + Tween 80 + buffer medium was found to be most effective for bacteriocin production (about 2,400 AU/ ml) by this strain, when incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Bacteriocin, partially purified by adsorptiondesorption method showed molecular mass of 10.3 kDa and produced prominent inhibition zone in activity gel. It showed significant storage stability both at high as well as in low temperatures for up to 6 months and retained its activity in a number of organic solvents, except in 2-mercaptoethanol. The treatment with amylase and lysozyme did not change its activity, but it lost its activity on proteinase K treatment. Antibacterial efficacy of bacteriocin was proved against some food spoilage and human pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Listeria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Physicochemical and elemental studies of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. for standardization as herbal drug

Objective: To explore the leaves of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. as a source of safe and effective antibacterial herbal medicine. Methods: The standardization was validated by stepwise physicochemical studies, element analysis, determination of ash values, fluorescence analysis, assessment of moisture content, extractive values in different solvent systems and extraction methods. Heavy metal contents, mineral and element contents were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and CHNS/O analyser, respectively. Results: The methanol extract of the folklore medicinal plant having antibacterial efficacy contained flavonoids and phenolic OH groups. The ICP multi standard indicated the presence of three major compounds with molecular mass of 161190 and 221 Da. Heavy metals viz. lead, mercury and copper content were 4.38 ppm, < 0.05 ppm and 24.70 ppm, respectively. Minerals content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron were 1190.94 mg/100 g, 375.57 mg/100 g, 2820 mg/100 g and 340.20 mg/100 g of plant sample, respectively. Elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur contents were 38.18%, 5.67%, 2.23% and 0.51%, respectively. Heavy metal profile of the tested plant was within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities. Conclusions: Hence the present physicochemical and elements studies reveals that the plant Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. could be a potent source of herbal preparation as well as a safe and novel synthetic antibacterial drug

In search of suitable extraction technique for large scale commercial production of bioactive fraction for the treatment of diabetes: The case Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.

Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (D. melanoxylon) belongs to the family Ebenaceae and its leaves are very well known for making beedi throughout the World. The current study estimated the comparative extraction technique and its in-vitro antidiabetic prospective of the leaves of D. melanoxylon. Qualitative phytochemicals analysis of the samples from D. melanoxylon was carried out for the detection of secondary metabolites. Total phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids and tannins content of D. melanoxylon were estimated using colorimetric assay. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique with a low carbon output was observed for the speedy extraction of bioactive compounds obtained from Diospyros melanoxylon leaf extract. MAE produced a maximum yield of bioactive compounds which was found to be more efficient than ultrasound, soxhlet and maceration extraction. Qualitative HPLC analysis was performed for bioactive compounds. The in-vitro antidiabetic assay was performed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In conclusion, the fractions exhibited the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect with significant (P < 0.0001) result. So the above performance might be accountable for the antidiabetic activity of D. Melanoxylon leaf extract due to presence of bioactive compounds. Keywords: D. melanoxylon, Extraction techniques, HPLC, Polyphenolics, Antidiabeti

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM DIOSPYROS MELANOXYLON ROXB. LEAVES AND CORRELATION WITH THEIR POLYPHENOLIC PROFILES

Objective: The current study evaluates the antioxidant and cytotoxic prospective of the leaves from Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (D. melanoxylon).Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the samples from D. melanoxylon was carried out for the detection of secondary metabolites. Total content of flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins in D. melanoxylon was evaluated using colorimetric assay. Qualitative analysis of polyphenolic compounds was performed using HPLC method. The antioxidant activity was examined by assessing the various free radical scavenging assays. Five human cancerous cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, HCT-116, PC-3, and HEK293), one rat colon cancer cell line (RCC 45) and two normal cell lines (NKE and WI-38) were used for evaluating the anticancer activity through methylene blue assay.Results: The results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AQF) exhibited the remarkable content of flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins. Both EAF and AQF have cytotoxic activity with significant IC50 values but not showed significant antioxidant activity. However, the most powerful anticancer activity was recorded by EAF followed by AQF in a dose-dependent manner. It was also revealed that EAF and AQF were biocompatible with the normal cell lines.Conclusion: Our principal finding exhibited a potent anticancer activity. Furthermore, it was also indicated that samples contain secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins. We suggest that the further investigation on this herb is effective against various types of ailments including cancer.Keywords: Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb., Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Anticance

Sensitizing Activity Mechanism of Porphyrin Boron and/or Fluorine Compounds for Carbon Irradiation in C6 Glial Tumor Cells

To examine a sensitizing effect of Boron and/or Fluorine-porphyrin derivatives on carbon ion irradiation, we had irradiated glial tumor cells by carbon beam with four candidate derivatives (Compounds-I, II, III, IV). The result indicated that the Fluorine and/or Boron elements may act as sensitizer of carbon ion irradiation