Boundary layer studies on rough flat plates under negative pressure gradient

There has been substantial research on boundary layer development on different objects. In this research project velocity distribution and boundary layer generation helps us to design the objects according to the steam lined bodies. Rough flat plate had been used as object in the experiment. It will help the objects to move easily in fluids. For the basic understanding of flow characteristics over a rough flat plate, the experiment was carried out in the laboratory using a low speed wind tunnel. Velocity reading are observed at specified locations over the rough flat plate (wood surface with stacked on different grade emery papers) with a free stream velocity. With the concept of 0.99U (free stream velocity) velocity profile is plotted at location of working sections length in the longitudinal direction .The boundary layer thickness ranges from 1.2mm to 59.2mm is generated for the model of 100cm length. To produce negative pressure in experiment, the flat plate is being inclined. The boundary layer growth gives a brief idea of fluid flow over a flat surface. Comparative study is done between four rough flat plates for better understanding of boundary layer theory. Tabular results of local velocity at every section had discussed here for the laminar to turbulent flow

Meson Masses and Mixing Angles in 2+1 Flavor Polyakov Quark Meson Sigma Model and Symmetry Restoration Effects

The meson masses and mixing angles have been calculated for the scalar and pseudoscalar sector in the framework of the generalized 2+1 flavor Polyakov loop augmented quark meson linear sigma model. We have given the results for two different forms of the effective Polyakov loop potential. The comparison of results with the existing calculations in the bare 2+1 quark meson linear sigma model, shows that the restoration of chiral symmetry becomes sharper due to the influence of the Polyakov loop potential. We find that inclusion of the Polyakov loop in quark meson linear sigma model together with the presence of axial anomaly, triggers an early and significant melting of the strange condensate. We have examined how the inclusion of the Polyakov loop qualitatively and quantitatively affects the convergence in the masses of the chiral partners in pseudoscalar ($\pi$, $\eta$, $\eta'$, $K$) and scalar ($\sigma$, $a_0$, $f_0$,$\kappa$) meson nonets as the temperature is varied on the reduced temperature scale. The role of $U_A(1)$ anomaly in determining the isoscalar masses and mixing angles for the pseudoscalar ($\eta$ and $\eta'$) and scalar ($\sigma$ and $f_0$)meson complex, has also been investigated in the Polyakov quark meson linear sigma model. The interplay of chiral symmetry restoration effects and the setting up of $U_A(1)$ restoration trend has been discussed and analyzed in the framework of the presented model calculations.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 4 table