The Effect of Raw Soybeans in Mixtures for Laying Hens on Egg Quality and Egg Shell Quality

The study was conducted on hens at the age of 49 - 57 weeks to identify opportunities for replacing, with raw grain, thermally processed soybean Lana variety with a reduced level and Lydia variety with a standard level of trypsin inhibitor. The effect of using different levels of participation of both varieties of raw soybean in mixtures for layers on egg quality and eggshell quality was examined. The research was conducted according to the principle of two-factorial experiment (2 varieties x 4 levels of participation of raw soybeans). The average values of properties of the external and internal egg quality were under statistically significant influence of the level of participation of raw soybean in the mixture. Share of 8 % of raw soybeans of both varieties in diets for layers influenced significantly lower eggshape index, albumen height and Haugh's unit in relation to the mixture with a lower level of participation of raw soybeans. Yolk color and eggshell firmness were not significantly influenced by the studied factors

Preserved precursors in Pumpherston shale kerogen revealed by oxidative degradation

An optimised stepwise alkaline permanganate degradation was shown to have potentials in elucidating the genesis pathway and the origin of kerogens, and, more specifically, to reveal preserved precursors in a kerogen matrix. Thus, Pumpherston shale kerogen, used as the substrate in this study, was found to be of mixed origin, i.e., to contain both inherited resistant algal structures (B. braunii A and B algaenans), as well as resistant biomacromolecular components of continental flora (cutans). It is suggested that this kerogen or parts of it were formed by the selective preservation pathway

An organic geochemical correlation study of some Drmno depresssion crude oils (southern part of the Pannonian Basin, Yugoslavia)

The results of an investigation of crude oils originating from the Sirakovo and Bradarac-Maljurevac localities (southern part of the Pannonian Basin) are reported in this paper. The aim was to estimate the organic geochemical similarity of the crude oils from the Drmno (Kostolac) depression oil fields. The nine selected samples originated from reservoir rocks of various depths. Reliable source and organic geochemical maturation parameters served as the basis for the correlation studies. The similar origin of the investigated Drmno depression crude oils was corroborated, characterized by a significant participation of terrestrial precursor biomass. They were shown to be of relatively low maturity and to have been formed during the earlier stages of the diagenet- ic-catagenetic sequence of processes leading to the formation of crude oils, most probably in source rocks ofTertiary age, corresponding to vitrinite reflectances between Ro = 0.70 % and Ro = 0.80 %. The crude oils from Bradarac-Maljurevac seemed to be somewhat less homogeneous with respect to organic geochemical parameters compared to Sirakovo crude oils

Weak intermolecular interactions in 11-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclohepta[b] quinoline

The title compound, C(14)H(14)ClN, is a chloro analogue of tacrine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The compound comprises a seven-membered alicyclic ring whose CH donor groups are engaged in extensive intermolecular interactions. The important feature of this crystal structure is that, regardless of the presence of two typical hydrogen-bonding acceptors, viz. chlorine and nitrogen, the corresponding C-H H center dot center dot center dot Cl and C-H center dot center dot center dot N interactions take no significant role in crystal stabilization. The molecules form dimers through pi-pi interactions with an interplanar distance between interacting pyridine rings of 3.576 (1) angstrom. Within the dimers, the molecules are additionally interconnected by four C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions. The dimers arrange into regular columns via further intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions