Revisiting the implications of Liouville's theorem to the anisotropy of cosmic rays

We present a solution to Liouville's equation for an ensemble of charged particles propagating in magnetic fields. The solution is presented using an expansion in spherical harmonics of the phase space density, allowing a direct interpretation of the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. The results are found for chosen conditions of variability and source distributions. We show there are two conditions for an initially isotropic flux of particles to remain isotropic while traveling through a magnetic field: isotropy and homogeneity of the sources. The formalism is used to analyze the data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, contributing to the understanding of the dependence of the dipole amplitude with energy and predicting the energy in which the quadrupole signal should be measured

Nem sempre um filhote de p?ssaro fora do ninho necessita de ajuda.

O crescimento dos centros urbanos vem causando in?meras modifica??es dentro dos ecossistemas nos ?ltimos anos, afetando assim a fauna e a flora que habitam estes ambientes. ? recorrente o fato de pessoas encontrarem ninhos ou at? mesmo filhotes de aves em ambiente de risco e desejarem salvar os indefesos, levando-os para casa, interferindo no processo reprodutivo das aves. No intuito de amenizar este impacto elaboramos e aplicamos um question?rio, onde identificamos os pontos de maior dificuldade da popula??o. A partir das informa??es colhidas e dos estudos observando este tipo de comportamento, foi desenvolvida uma cartilha com informa??es sobre como lidar, de forma correta, com um filhote de p?ssaro, ao encontr?-lo em lugar de risco, de acordo com sua idade e forma??o

GERMINATION EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES ON GRUMIXAMEIRA

Grumixama belongs to the Myrtaceae family, members of which have simple leaves, which are generally leaf-opposed, with whole margins, an evergreen color. The Myrtaceae family includes about 140 genera and over 3,000 species. Grumixama is rarely cultivated and its production is normally used in the manufacture of bulk candy, syrup, liqueurs and jams. Because it is rarely cultivated there is virtually no agronomic information about the cultivation of this fruit tree, in particular relating to seedling production and seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate grumixama seed germination in two substrates; Tecnomax® (based on pine bark) and washed sand. Sowing was performed in 110 cm3 volume, high-density polyethylene tubes filled with the respective substrates. Sixty days after sowing the germination percentage was evaluated. The height, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated at 120 days, when the seedlings had an average height of 10 cm. The pine bark substrate provided the best germination and development of quality grumixama seedlings compared to the washed sand

Prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B among nursing professionals active in hemodialysis

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B among nurses active on hemodialysis. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with 63 professionals from a hemodialysis private service and 29 public service ones that answered a questionnaire containing information on demographics, labor, adoption of biosecurity measures in hemodialysis and related to vaccination, immunity and occupational exposure and non-occupational at Hepatitis B virus. Results: Among the professionals from the private service, the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B was 93,7% and among the professionals in the public service, the prevalence was 86,2%; in both services were not found statistically significant differences when characteristics related to demographics, laboral and occupational and non-occupational exposure to hepatitis B were considered. Conclusion: Possibly these high prevalences were due to complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B found in over 80% of study participants

GERMINAÇÃO E REINDUÇÃO DA TOLERÂNCIA À DESSECAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE Senna multijuga (RICH.) IRWIN ET BARN

The aims of this study were to verify the effects of different tests in the overcoming dormancy, excellent germination terms, as light and temperature, and the possibility of re-induction of desiccation tolerance in Senna multijuga seeds. We evaluated two tests for overcoming dormancy: immersion in water with an initial temperature of 100ºC (hot water) and immersion in water at a constant temperature at 100ºC for 20 seconds (boiling water), both treatments followed by rest out of the heating for 24 hours. For the germination test, we evaluated 25ºC, 30ºC (constant) and 20-30ºC (alternate), in the presence and absence of light. For the re-induction of desiccation tolerance, we selected seeds germinated with 1, 2, 3 and 4mm of radicle length. We submitted the germinated seeds to the follow treatments: no incubation, incubation in polyethylene  glycolphotoblastic required, but in light conditions the germination was higher. We observed the resumption of the radicle growth in germinated seeds of up to 3mm length.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar diferentes métodos de superação de dormência, condições ótimas de germinação, tais como luz, temperatura, e possível reindução da tolerância à dessecação em sementes de Senna multijuga. Foram testados dois métodos de superação de dormência: imersão em água com temperatura inicial de 100ºC (água quente) e imersão em água com temperatura constante a 100ºC por 20 segundos (água fervente), ambos os tratamentos seguidos de repouso fora do aquecimento por 24 horas. Para o teste de germinação, foram avaliados os regimes térmicos 25ºC, 30ºC (constantes) e 20-30°C (alternados), na presença e ausência de luz. Para o teste de reindução da tolerância à dessecação, foram selecionadas sementes germinadas com 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm de comprimento radicular e submetidas aos tratamentos de dessecação: sem incubação; com incubação em solução de polietilenoglicol (PEG6000) nas concentrações de -1,4; -1,7 e -2,0MPa; com incubação em solução de PEG -1,4MPa + ABA nas concentrações de 1, 10 e 100 μM. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) foi utilizado em todos os experimentos com 4 repetições de 25 sementes. A superação de dormência utilizando água quente proporcionou germinabilidade superior a 65%. As sementes de Senna multijuga, apesar de não serem fotoblásticas positivas obrigatórias, apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação sob condições de luz. Foi possível observar a retomada do crescimento após a secagem em sementes germinadas com radículas de até 3 mm de comprimento

GERMINATION AND RE-INDUCTION OF DISSECATION TOLERANCE IN SEEDS OF Senna multijuga (RICH.) IRWIN ET BARN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar diferentes m\ue9todos de supera\ue7\ue3o de dorm\ueancia, condi\ue7\uf5es \uf3timas de germina\ue7\ue3o, tais como luz, temperatura, e poss\uedvel reindu\ue7\ue3o da toler\ue2ncia \ue0 desseca\ue7\ue3o em sementes de Senna multijuga . Foram testados dois m\ue9todos de supera\ue7\ue3o de dorm\ueancia: imers\ue3o em \ue1gua com temperatura inicial de 100\ubaC (\ue1gua quente) e imers\ue3o em \ue1gua com temperatura constante a 100\ubaC por 20 segundos (\ue1gua fervente), ambos os tratamentos seguidos de repouso fora do aquecimento por 24 horas. Para o teste de germina\ue7\ue3o, foram avaliados os regimes t\ue9rmicos 25\ubaC, 30\ubaC (constantes) e 20-30\ub0C (alternados), na presen\ue7a e aus\ueancia de luz. Para o teste de reindu\ue7\ue3o da toler\ue2ncia \ue0 desseca\ue7\ue3o, foram selecionadas sementes germinadas com 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm de comprimento radicular e submetidas aos tratamentos de desseca\ue7\ue3o: sem incuba\ue7\ue3o; com incuba\ue7\ue3o em solu\ue7\ue3o de polietilenoglicol (PEG6000) nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de -1,4; -1,7 e -2,0MPa; com incuba\ue7\ue3o em solu\ue7\ue3o de PEG -1,4MPa + ABA nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 1, 10 e 100 \u3bcM. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) foi utilizado em todos os experimentos com 4 repeti\ue7\uf5es de 25 sementes. A supera\ue7\ue3o de dorm\ueancia utilizando \ue1gua quente proporcionou germinabilidade superior a 65%. As sementes de Senna multijuga, apesar de n\ue3o serem fotobl\ue1sticas positivas obrigat\uf3rias, apresentaram maior porcentagem de germina\ue7\ue3o sob condi\ue7\uf5es de luz. Foi poss\uedvel observar a retomada do crescimento ap\uf3s a secagem em sementes germinadas com rad\uedculas de at\ue9 3 mm de comprimento.The aims of this study were to verify the effects of different tests in the overcoming dormancy, excellent germination terms, as light and temperature, and the possibility of re-induction of desiccation tolerance in Senna multijuga seeds. We evaluated two tests for overcoming dormancy: immersion in water with an initial temperature of 100\ubaC (hot water) and immersion in water at a constant temperature at 100\ubaC for 20 seconds (boiling water), both treatments followed by rest out of the heating for 24 hours. For the germination test, we evaluated 25\ubaC, 30\ubaC (constant) and 20-30\ubaC (alternate), in the presence and absence of light. For the reinduction of desiccation tolerance, we selected seeds germinated with 1, 2, 3 and 4mm of radicle length. We submitted the germinated seeds to the follow treatments: no incubation, incubation in polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) at the -1,4, -1,7 and -2,0MPa; incubation in PEG -1,4MPa + ABA at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100\u3bcM. The tests followed a completely randomized design (DIC) using 4 repetitions of 25 seeds. The overcoming dormancy using hot water provided the best germination (65%). The Senna multijuga seeds are not photoblastic required, but in light conditions the germination was higher. We observed the resumption of the radicle growth in germinated seeds of up to 3mm length

Clube Português do Pâncreas Recommendations for Chronic Pancreatitis: Medical, Endoscopic, and Surgical Treatment (Part II)

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease that should be treated by experienced teams of gastroenterologists, radiologists, surgeons, and nutritionists in a multidisciplinary environment. Medical treatment includes lifestyle modification, nutrition, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency correction, and pain management. Up to 60% of patients will ultimately require some type of endoscopic or surgical intervention for treatment. However, regardless of the modality, they are often ineffective unless smoking and alcohol cessation is achieved. Surgery retains a major role in the treatment of CP patients with intractable chronic pain or suspected pancreatic mass. For other complications like biliary or gastroduodenal obstruction, pseudocyst drainage can be performed endoscopically. The recommendations for CP were developed by Clube Português do Pâncreas (CPP), based on literature review to answer predefined topics, subsequently discussed and approved by all members of CPP. Recommendations are separated in two parts: "chronic pancreatitis etiology, natural history, and diagnosis," and "chronic pancreatitis medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment." This abstract pertains to part II.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Entre a captação e a divulgação de dados: a importância da dnv e do seu adequado preenchimento

Introduction: the Information System on Live Birth (SINASC) aims to receive and disseminate information about the live births, the mothers, the gestation, birth, of the newborn; taking into consideration that the information about the live births of a country or a particular region is fundamental, because thebirths are part of the composition of variousdemographic nd epidemiological indicators, such as the rates of infant ortality, low birth weight, birth rates and fecundity. Objective: this research aimed to compare the data contained in the DNV (White duplicate) compared to the disclosed in the SINASC/DATASUS, in the municipality of Cajazeiras, PB (2006-2010). Method: it is a descriptive study, by means of revising the 3972 DNV from 2006 to 2010, archived in the sector of Epidemiologic Vigilance, and also the data disclosed in the SINASC, relating to the mothers residing in the referred municipality. Results: it was perceived a significant flaw in the completion of the DNV and ambiguity between the SMS and DATASUS data, thereby jeopardizing the reliability and questioning the precision and completeness of the registers of this information system compared to the SMS ones. Thereby, in addition to the flaws in the adequate completion in of the DNV at the birth place, there were flaws in the electronic typing of the data. Conclusion: thus, the results point to a need of the Municipal Health Department to promote training and guidance for the person responsible for the completion of the DNV and the electronic typing of the system, in order to achieve a total and correct completion of all the items of the DNV; emphasizing the importance of this document and its integral completion. ResumoIntrodução: O Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) se propõe a captar e divulgar informações acerca dos nascidos vivos, da genitora, da gestação, do parto, do recém nascido; levando em consideração que a informação sobre os nascidos vivos de um país ou de determinada região é fundamental, pois os nascimentos fazem parte da composição de vários indicadores demográficos e epidemiológicos, como as taxas de mortalidade infantil, baixo peso ao nascer, natalidade e de fecundidade. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de comparar os dados contidos nas DNV (via Branca) frente aos divulgados no SINASC/DATASUS, no município de Cajazeiras, PB (2006-2010). Método: É um estudo descritivo, por meio de revisão das 3972 DNV de 2006 a 2010, arquivadas no setor da Vigilância Epidemiológica, e também dos dados divulgados no SINASC, relativos às mães residentes no referido município. resultados: Percebeu-se falha significativa no preenchimento da DNV e ambiguidades entre os dados SMS e DATASUS, comprometendo a confiabilidade e pondo em dúvida a precisão e completeza dos registros desse sistema de informação, frente aos da SMS. Desse modo, além de ter havido falha no preenchimento adequado da DNV no local do nascimento, houve falha na digitação eletrônica dos dados.Conclusão: Assim, os resultados apontam a necessidade em que a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde promova treinamentos e orientações para a pessoa responsável pelo preenchimento da DNV e pela digitação eletrônica do sistema, para se obter um total e correto preenchimento de todos os itens da DNV; enfatizando a importância deste documento e do seu preenchimento integral