Food neophobia and mealtime food consumption in 4-5 year old children.

Background: Previous research has documented a negative association between maternal report of child food neophobia and reported frequency of consumption of fruit, vegetables, and meat. This study aimed to establish whether neophobia is associated with lower intake of these food types in naturalistic mealtime situations. Methods: One hundred and nine parents of 4–5 year olds completed questionnaires which included a six-item version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS). The children took part in a series of 3 test lunch meals at weekly intervals at school at which they were presented with: chicken, cheese, bread, cheese crackers, chocolate biscuits, grapes and tomatoes or carrot sticks. Food items served to each child were weighed before and after the meal to assess total intake of items in four categories: Fruit and vegetables, Protein foods, Starchy foods and Snack foods. Pearson Product Moment Correlations and independent t tests were performed to examine associations between scores on the CFNS and consumption during lunches. Results: Neophobia was associated with lower consumption of fruit and vegetables, protein foods and total calories, but there was no association with intake of starch or snack foods. Conclusion: These results support previous research that has suggested that neophobia impacts differentially on consumption of different food types. Specifically it appears that children who score highly on the CFNS eat less fruit, vegetables and protein foods than their less neophobic peers. Attempts to increase intake of fruit, vegetables and protein might usefully incorporate strategies known to reduce the neophobic response

Argument schemes for two-phase democratic deliberation

A formal two-phase model of democratic policy deliberation is presented, in which in the first phase sufficient and necessary criteria for proposals to be accepted are determined (the ‘acceptable’ criteria) and in the second phase proposals are made and evaluated in light of the acceptable criteria resulting from the first phase. Such a separation gives the discussion a clear structure and prevents time and resources from being wasted on evaluating arguments for proposals based on unacceptable criteria. Argument schemes for both phases are defined and formalised in a logical framework for structured argumentation. The process of deliberation is abstracted from and it is assumed that both deliberation phases result in a set of arguments and attack and defeat relations between them. The acceptability status of criteria and proposals within the resulting argumentation framework is then evaluated using preferred semantics. For cases where preferences are required to choose between proposals, inference rules for deriving preferences between sets from an ordering of their elements are given.MediamaticsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc

Horizontal and Vertical Wind Measurements from GOCE Angular Accelerations

Because of the highly accurate accelerometers, the GOCE mission has proven to be a unique source of thermosphere neutral density and cross-wind data. In the current methods, in which only the horizontal linear accelerations are used, the vertical winds cannot be obtained. In the algorithm proposed in this paper, angular accelerations derived from the individual gradiometer accelerations are used to obtain the vertical wind speeds as well. To do so, the measured angular rate and acceleration are combined to find a measurement of the torque acting on the spacecraft. This measurement is then corrected for modeled control torque applied by the magnetic torquers, aerodynamic torque, gravity gradient torque, solar radiation pressure torque, the torque caused by the misalignment of the thrust with respect to the center of gravity, and magnetic torque caused by the operation of several different subsystems of the spacecraft bus. Since the proper documentation of the magnetic properties of the payload were not available, a least squares estimate is made of one hard- and one soft-magnetic dipole pertaining to the payload, on an aerodynamically quiet day. The model for aerodynamic torque uses moment coefficients from Monte-Carlo Test Particle software ANGARA. Finally the neutral density, horizontal cross-wind, and vertical wind are obtained from an iterative process, in which the residual forces and torques are minimized. It is found that, like horizontal wind, the vertical wind responds strongly to geomagnetic storms. This response is observed over the whole latitude range, and shows seasonal variations.Astrodynamics & Space MissionsControl & Simulatio

GOCE Aerodynamic Torque Modeling

In recent studies thermospheric densities and cross-winds have been derived from linear acceleration measurements of the gradiometer on board the GOCE satellite. Our current work is aimed at analyzing also the angular accelerations, in order to improve the thermosphere density and wind data by allowing for the estimation of more unknown parameters. On this poster an overview is provided of the modeling efforts involved in isolating the aerodynamic torque. The intermediate result is a comparison of modeled and measured torques. Each box contains a plot of the torque from a specific source, compared to the measured torque, on October 16th, 2013. A short description of the model for each torque is also provided.Astrodynamics & Space MissionsControl & Simulatio

Torque model verication for the GOCE satellite

Astrodynamics & Space MissionsControl & Simulatio

Characterization of Thermospheric Vertical Wind Activity at 225- to 295-km Altitude Using GOCE Data and Validation Against Explorer Missions

Recently, the horizontal and vertical cross wind at 225- to 295-km altitude were derived from linear acceleration measurements of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. The vertical component of these wind data is compared to wind data derived from the mass spectrometers of the Atmosphere Explorer C and E and Dynamics Explorer 2 satellites. From a statistical analysis of the 120-s moving-window standard deviation of the vertical wind (σ(Vz)), no consistent discrepancy is found between the accelerometer-derived and the mass spectrometer-derived data. The validated Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer data are then used to investigate the influence of several parameters and indices on the vertical wind activity. To this end, the probability distribution of σ(Vz) is plotted after distributing the data over bins of the parameter under investigation. The vertical wind is found to respond strongly to geomagnetic activity at high latitudes, although the response settles around a maximum standard deviation of 50 m/s at an Auroral Electrojet index of 800. The dependence on magnetic local time changes with magnetic latitude, peaking around 4:30 over the polar cap and around 01:30 and 13:30 in the auroral oval. Seasonal effects only become visible at low to middle latitudes, revealing a peak wind variability in both local summer and winter. The vertical wind is not affected by the solar activity level.Astrodynamics & Space MissionsControl & Simulatio

Horizontal and vertical thermospheric cross-wind from GOCE linear and angular accelerations

Thermospheric wind measurements obtained from linear non-gravitational accelerations of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite show discrepancies when compared to ground-based measurements. In this paper the cross-wind is derived from both the linear and the angular accelerations using a newly developed iterative algorithm. The two resulting data sets are compared to test the validity of wind derived from angular accelerations and quantify the uncertainty in accelerometer-derived wind data. In general the difference is found to be less than 50 m/s vertically after high-pass filtering, and 100 m/s horizontally. A sensitivity analysis reveals that continuous thrusting is a major source of uncertainty in the torque-derived wind, as are the magnetic properties of the satellite. The energy accommodation coefficient is identified as a particularly promising parameter for improving the consistency of thermospheric cross-wind data sets in the future. The algorithm may be applied to obtain density and cross-wind from other satellite missions that lack accelerometer data, provided the attitude and orbit are known with sufficient accuracy.Astrodynamics & Space MissionsControl & Simulatio

Socialising the pixel: The use of citizen science in land use classification and its potential uncertainties

When making an land use map of an area with the use of remote sensing data, additional data from the ground is needed for this area, the so called ‘ground truth’. By combining the datasets a a land use classification can be done, relating a pixel with the actual situation on the ground. The collection of the ground data is labour intensive since enough data is needed in order to make a correct classification. This data collection could also be done by citizen science (volunteers that collect data for scientific research), which would allow to collect more data on a larger geographic and temporal scale (Cohn 2008). This paper looks at the possible factors that can cause error in the collection of ground truth data for land use. If one knows these factors it might be possible to minimise the error and have an idea on the accuracy of the data collected by citizens. With this in mind the different elements are described with the help of the available literature. This was followed by an experiment to study more in detail the relation between the error and the heterogeneity of the site, the training of the data collectors, and the specific land use class of the site. The experiment consisted of a photo experiment and a field experiment done with the help of Hanoi University of Natural Resources (HUNRE) in the Day River basin in Vietnam. This indicated that heterogeneity certainly made the classification more difficult. The difficulty of the classes was heavily influenced by the list with predefined classes given to the participants. To find the sites it might be easier to use smart phones with GPS applications to help the classification. It is recommended for certain experiments to be repeated in order to gain a deeper insight in these relations.Water ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience

Ontwerpnota stormvloedkering Oosterschelde: Boek 5: Hulpsystemen enhulpwerktuigen

Het boek geeft een beschrijving van de bijzondere hulpmiddelen die gebruikt zijn bij de realisatie van de Stormvloedkering Oosterschelde. Deze systemen en werktuigen wijken af van de in de Nederlandse waterbouwkunde normaal gebruikelijke hulpmiddelen. Bevat achtereenvolgens : Inleiding en algemene probleemstelling; Hydro-meetsystemen; plaatsbepalingssystemen; peilingen en lodingen; onderwaterdetectie; grondmechanisch onderzoek onderwater; materieel grondverbetering; verdichtingsschip Mytilus; dustpanzuigers; blokkenmatten en tegelmatten; Jan Heijmans; funderingsmattenfabriek; funderingsmattenlegger Cardium; grindwiepenmattenlegger Sepia; afvier- en opschoonponton Macoma; hefschip Ostrea; taklift 4; toplaagstorter Tria

Ontwerpnota Stormvloedkering Oosterschelde, Boek 4: De sluitingsmiddelen

Geeft een beschrijving van de sluitingsmiddelen, alsmede een verantwoording van de keuzen die hebben geleid tot het definitieve ontwerp. Bevat achtereenvolgens: Functies en eisen ; Hydraulkisch onderzoek ; Schuiven ; Schuifgeleidingen ; Bewegingswerken ; Elektrische installatie ; Inspectievoertuig schuiven.Deltawerken, Oosterscheld