16,942 research outputs found
Analogue model for quantum gravity phenomenology
So called "analogue models" use condensed matter systems (typically
hydrodynamic) to set up an "effective metric" and to model curved-space quantum
field theory in a physical system where all the microscopic degrees of freedom
are well understood. Known analogue models typically lead to massless minimally
coupled scalar fields. We present an extended "analogue space-time" programme
by investigating a condensed-matter system - in and beyond the hydrodynamic
limit - that is in principle capable of simulating the massive Klein-Gordon
equation in curved spacetime. Since many elementary particles have mass, this
is an essential step in building realistic analogue models, and an essential
first step towards simulating quantum gravity phenomenology. Specifically, we
consider the class of two-component BECs subject to laser-induced transitions
between the components, and we show that this model is an example for Lorentz
invariance violation due to ultraviolet physics. Furthermore our model suggests
constraints on quantum gravity phenomenology in terms of the "naturalness
problem" and "universality issue".Comment: Talk given at 7th Workshop on Quantum Field Theory Under the
Influence of External Conditions (QFEXT 05), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 5-9
Sep 200
Cosmography: Cosmology without the Einstein equations
How much of modern cosmology is really cosmography? How much of modern
cosmology is independent of the Einstein equations? (Independent of the
Friedmann equations?) These questions are becoming increasingly germane -- as
the models cosmologists use for the stress-energy content of the universe
become increasingly baroque, it behoves us to step back a little and carefully
disentangle cosmological kinematics from cosmological dynamics. The use of
basic symmetry principles (such as the cosmological principle) permits us to do
a considerable amount, without ever having to address the vexatious issues of
just how much "dark energy", "dark matter", "quintessence", and/or "phantom
matter" is needed in order to satisfy the Einstein equations. This is the
sub-sector of cosmology that Weinberg refers to as "cosmography", and in this
article I will explore the extent to which cosmography is sufficient for
analyzing the Hubble law and so describing many of the features of the universe
around us.Comment: 7 pages; uses iopart.cls setstack.sty. Based on a talk presented at
ACRGR4, the 4th Australasian Conference on General Relativity and
Gravitation, Monash University, Melbourne, January 2004. To appear in the
proceedings, in General Relativity and Gravitatio
Comment on "Relativistic Effects of Light in Moving Media with Extremely Low Group Velocity"
In [cond-mat/9906332; Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 822 (2000)] and [physics/9906038;
Phys. Rev. A 60, 4301 (1999)] Leonhardt and Piwnicki have presented an
interesting analysis of how to use a flowing dielectric fluid to generate a
so-called "optical black hole". Qualitatively similar phenomena using
acoustical processes have also been much investigated. Unfortunately there is a
subtle misinterpretation in the Leonhardt-Piwnicki analysis regarding these
"optical black holes": While it is clear that "optical black holes" can
certainly exist as theoretical constructs, and while the experimental prospects
for actually building them in the laboratory are excellent, the particular
model geometries that Leonhardt and Piwnicki write down as alleged examples of
"optical black holes" are in fact not black holes at all.Comment: one page comment, uses ReV_TeX 3; discussion clarified; basic
physical results unaltere
Vision based motion control for a humanoid head
This paper describes the design of a motion control algorithm for a humanoid robotic head, which consists of a neck with four degrees of freedom and two eyes (a stereo pair system) that tilt on a common axis and rotate sideways freely. The kinematic and dynamic properties of the head are analyzed and modeled using screw theory. The motion control algorithm is designed to receive, as an input, the output of a vision processing algorithm and to exploit the redundancy of the system for the realization of the movements. This algorithm is designed to enable the head to focus on and to follow a target, showing human-like motions. The performance of the control algorithm has been tested in a simulated environment and, then, experimentally applied to the real humanoid head
Motion control of the Twente humanoid head
In this work, we present the design and the realization of the motion control algorithm implemented in the Twente hu- manoid head, a seven degrees of freedom (dof) robotic sys- tem. The aim of the project is to have a humanoid head that can serve as a research platform for human-machine interac- tion purposes. The head should not only be able to percieve its environment and track objects, but also be able to move in a human-like way, i.e. to reproduce the motions of human beings and to mime the human expressions
Hints towards the Emergent Nature of Gravity
A possible way out of the conundrum of quantum gravity is the proposal that
general relativity (GR) is not a fundamental theory but emerges from an
underlying microscopic description. Despite recent interest in the emergent
gravity program within the physics as well as the philosophy community, an
assessment of the theoretical evidence for this idea is lacking at the moment.
We intend to fill this gap in the literature by discussing the main arguments
in favour of the hypothesis that the metric field and its dynamics are
emergent. First, we distinguish between microstructure inspired from GR, such
as through quantization or discretization, and microstructure that is not
directly motivated from GR, such as strings, quantum bits or condensed matter
fields. The emergent gravity approach can then be defined as the view that the
metric field and its dynamics are derivable from the latter type of
microstructure. Subsequently, we assess in how far the following properties of
(semi-classical) GR are suggestive of underlying microstructure: (1) the
metric's universal coupling to matter fields, (2) perturbative
non-renormalizability, (3) black hole thermodynamics, and (4) the holographic
principle. In the conclusion we formalize the general structure of the
plausibility arguments put forward.Comment: 36 pages, v2: minor additions, references added. Journal version in
Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physic
Lookback time bounds from energy conditions
In general relativity, the energy conditions are invoked to restrict general
energy-momentum tensors on physical grounds. We show that in the standard
Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) approach to cosmological modeling,
where the energy and matter components of the cosmic fluid are unknown, the
energy conditions provide model-independent bounds on the behavior of the
lookback time of cosmic sources as a function of the redshift for any value of
the spatial curvature. We also confront such bounds with a lookback time sample
which is built from the age estimates of 32 galaxies lying in the interval
and by assuming the total expanding age of the
Universe to be Gyr, as obtained from current cosmic microwave
background experiments. In agreement with previous results, we show that all
energy conditions seem to have been violated at some point of the recent past
of cosmic evolution.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. v2: Minor changes, published in Phys.Rev.D in the
present for
Energy Conditions and Cosmic Acceleration
In general relativity, the energy conditions are invoked to restrict general
energy-momentum tensors in different frameworks, and to derive
general results that hold in a variety of general contexts on physical grounds.
We show that in the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW)
approach, where the equation of state of the cosmological fluid is unknown, the
energy conditions provide model-independent bounds on the behavior of the
distance modulus of cosmic sources as a function of the redshift for any
spatial curvature. We use the most recent type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia)
observations, which include the new Hubble Space Telescope SNe Ia events, to
carry out a model-independent analysis of the energy conditions violation in
the context of the standard cosmology. We show that both the null (NEC), weak
(WEC) and dominant (DEC) conditions, which are associated with the existence of
the so-called phantom fields, seem to have been violated only recently (), whereas the condition for attractive gravity, i.e., the strong
energy condition (SEC) was firstly violated billions of years ago, at .Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. v2: References added, misprints corrected,
published in Phys.Rev.D in the present for
Mining Measured Information from Text
We present an approach to extract measured information from text (e.g., a
1370 degrees C melting point, a BMI greater than 29.9 kg/m^2 ). Such
extractions are critically important across a wide range of domains -
especially those involving search and exploration of scientific and technical
documents. We first propose a rule-based entity extractor to mine measured
quantities (i.e., a numeric value paired with a measurement unit), which
supports a vast and comprehensive set of both common and obscure measurement
units. Our method is highly robust and can correctly recover valid measured
quantities even when significant errors are introduced through the process of
converting document formats like PDF to plain text. Next, we describe an
approach to extracting the properties being measured (e.g., the property "pixel
pitch" in the phrase "a pixel pitch as high as 352 {\mu}m"). Finally, we
present MQSearch: the realization of a search engine with full support for
measured information.Comment: 4 pages; 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and
Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '15
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