Genetics of fertility restoration in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

ABSTRACT For employing diverse CMS lines belonging to different cytosterile sources in breeding programmes, knowledge on genetics of fertility restoration is pre requisite. With this objective an investigation was carried out to study the genetics on fertility restoration Fourteen crosses were made for studying the genetics of fertility restoration, five possessing PET1, three possessing PET 2, four with GIG1 and two with ARG cytoplasmic sources. Among these fourteen fertile crosses studied, F 2 segregation of 11 crosses revealed 3 : 1 ratio for fertile and sterile plants, respectively indicating the presence of a single dominant gene for fertility restoration. In the remaining three crosses, F 2 generation segregated in the ratio of 9 fertile and:7 sterile, suggesting the presence of two complementary genes for the fertility restoration

Seed Systems for Rainfed Agriculture: Village Based Seed Enterprise for Seed Production and Dissemination of Improved Varieties of Chickpea and Pigeonpea in India; Information Bulletin No. 96

The crops grown under rainfed agriculture are described as farming practices that rely on rainfall for crop production and their seed systems describe, how farmers in these regions are sourcing seeds for cultivating these crops. The objective of this publication is to share information and experiences of some success stories of seed value chain models developed for production and supply of improved varieties of seed of rainfed crops to resource poor farmers in the semi-arid tropical regions to enhance productivity. Majority of legume crop varieties grown under rainfed agriculture system are open pollinated varieties or self-pollinated crops especially, cereals and legumes grown in semi-arid tropics of the globe. The importance of rainfed agriculture varies regionally but produces high percentage of food for poor communities in the developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 95% of the farmed land is rainfed, while the corresponding figure for Latin America is almost 90%, for South Asia it is about 60%, 65% for East Asia and 75% for the Near East and North Africa..

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

Parents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations

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Not AvailableQualitative and quantitative parameters of oilseed crops significantly increased with honey bee pollination. Integration of beekeeping as part of Best Management Practices (BMP) should be adopted to enhance productivity in oilseed crops.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableClimate change (CC) is the present challenge to mankind, which has direct effect on agriculture. There are various strategies developed to face climate change in agriculture. Crop diversification is one among the best strategies, in which oilseeds fits very well since they are climate resilient crops by their true nature. Oilseed crops such sunflower, castor, safflower, sesame and niger take the advantage of elevated CO2 with increase in both quality and quantity. Nevertheless, climate change will restrict resource availability and alter conditions that are vital to oilseed crop growth and yield, thus instigating environmentally induced shifts in phenotypes. Understanding this phenotypic plasticity is essential to predict and manage climate change impact on current and future oilseed crops. Breeding for phenotypic plasticity in traits other than seed or oil yield will potentially provide resilience under increasingly unpredictable environmental conditions. Major changes in breeding and management programs may be required for achieving these interconnected goals.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIntegrated Pest Management (IPM) is the optimisation of pest control in an economically and ecologically sound manner. This is accomplished by the use of multiple tactics in a compatible manner to maintain pest damage below the economic injury level while providing protection against hazards to the animals, plants and the environment. Cultural practices, resistant varieties, bio-control agents and use of pesticides are the integral parts of the IPM. Castor crop is prone to yield depredation to a host of insect-pests. IPM practices for effective management of the insect pests in castor is discussed in this article.ICAR-IIO