214 research outputs found
Windblown Lead Carbonate as the Main Source of Lead in Blood of Children from a Seaside Community: An Example of Local Birds as āCanaries in the Mineā
Background: In late 2006, the seaside community in Esperance, Western Australia, was alerted to thousands of native bird species dying. The source of the lead was thought to derive from the handling of Pb carbonate concentrate from the Magellan mine through the port of Esperance, begun in July 2005. Concern was expressed for the impact of this process on the community. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the source of Pb in blood of a random sample of the community using Pb isotope ratios. Methods: The cohort comprised 49 children (48 20 years of age) with a bias toward higher blood lead (PbB) values to facilitate source identification. Results: Mean PbB level of the children was 7.5 Ī¼g/dL (range, 1.5-25.7 Ī¼g/dL; n = 49; geometric mean, 6.6 Ī¼g/dL), with four children whose PbB was > 12 Ī¼g/dL. The isotopic data for blood samples lay around two distinct arrays. The blood of all children analyzed for Pb isotopes contained a contribution of Pb from the Magellan mine, which for young children ranged from 27% up to 93% (mean, 64%; median, 71%). Subtraction of the ore component gave a mean background PbB of 2.3 Ī¼g/dL. Several children whose PbB was > 9 Ī¼g/dL and most of the older subjects have complex sources of Pb. Conclusions: The death of the birds acted as a sentinel event; otherwise, the exposure of the community, arising from such a toxic form of Pb, could have been tragic. Isotopic data and mineralogic and particle size analyses indicate that, apart from the recognized pathway of Pb exposure by hand-to-mouth activity in children, the inhalation pathway could have been a significant contributor to PbB for some of the very young children and in some parents.7 page(s
Annual report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction.
At head of title, 1888/89-1916/17: Virginia school report.Report year irregular.Mode of access: Internet
Appropriate Implementation of Severity Ratings, Regulations, and State Guidance: A Response to āUsing Norm-Referenced Tests to Determine Severity of Language Impairment in Children: Disconnect Between U.S. Policy Makers and Test Developersā by Spaulding, Szulga, & Figueria (2012)
The school law of West Virginia; being a complete revision of chapter forty-five of the code as amended and re-enacted at sessions of the Legislature of 1908, 1909, 1911, 1913 and 1915, together with the provisions of the constitution relating to education, blank forms, instructions, etc. ...
Published for the use of school officers, teachers, and the public generally, in compliance with section 126 of this chapter.Mode of access: Internet
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