Review in brief: Moving lives: narratives of nation and migration among Europeans in post-war Britain. By Kathy Burrell. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2006. ISBN 0754645746

398Reviewsin briefMovinglives: narratives of nation and migration among Europeans in post-war Britain.By Kathy Burrell. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2006. xix + 212 pp. £50cloth. ISBN 0754645746SAGE Publications, Inc.2008DOI: 10.1177/14744740080150030705ViolettaParutisSchool Of Slavonic and East European Studies UniversityCollege LondonBurrell'sbook Moving lives is a powerful counter-argument against those globalizationtheories that downplay the role of nation-states in our modern societies.Taking three migrant groups living in Leicester – Poles, Greek-Cypriotsand Italians – Burrell tests the applicability of national identitytheories to migrants and artfully uncovers the complexity of migrants' nationalidentity399whichis constantly negotiated, constructed, reconstructed, manipulated, but stillpreserved. An important part of the definition of migrants' national identityis based upon constructive rela- tionship with the fellow nationals and localcommunity, but also upon religious, national and even regional othering. Sheargues that what it means to be Polish, Greek-Cypriot or Itialian in the UKcan only be understood if studied through the prism of Billig's (1995) `banalnational- ism.' It is the everyday social practices that people undertakethat define their national identity. At the same time migration itself hasa significant impact on national identity. The author chooses these nationalgroups in order to highlight differences between migration experiences ofexiles and voluntary migrants. While Polish migration narratives focus ontraumatic migra- tion experiences, memories of which are transmitted to latergenerations born in the UK, Greek-Cypriots and Italians emphasize the effortsthey put into establishing themselves in the immigration country. However,the author convincingly argues that migration is never simple: even in thecase of `forced' migration there is still scope for personal decisions, whilein `voluntary' migration there can be an aspect of pressing family circumstances.Burrell is also concerned to explore the importance of national territoryfor the preser- vation of migrants' national identity. Just like identity,homeland is individually constructed from selective accounts of the nationalhistory. This serves the function of projecting the intended image of homeland,but may also result in the dislocation between territory, time and mem- ory.She provides a number of examples that illustrate how norms and values ofhomeland travel with migrants and find their new home in the immigrants' nationalcommunity. This book enriches the existing literature in the field by itscomparative perspective on individualized accounts of the nation and migrationand will be interesting to students and researchers working in the area ofnational identity, migration and diasporas as well as those with a specificinterest in the Polish, Greek-Cypriot and Italian communities

Young Baltic graduates living and working in London: from peripheral region to escalator region in Europe

This paper examines recent migration from three little-studied EU countries, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, focusing on young, early-career graduates who move to London. It looks at how these young migrants explain the reasons for their move, their work and living experiences in London, and their plans for the future, based on 78 interviews with individual migrants. The wide-ranging theoretical context draws on notions of core-periphery, youth transitions, ‘easy’ transnationalism, ‘liquid’ migration, and London as an ‘escalator’ region for career development. Also relevant in shaping these migration flows are EU accession in 2004 and the recent financial crisis. Findings indicate that these highly educated young adults from the EU’s north-eastern periphery migrate for a combination of economic, career, lifestyle and personal-development reasons. They are ambivalent about their futures and when, and whether, they will return-migrate

Design and implementation of a high quality probability sample of immigrants and ethnic minorities: lessons learnt

Background: Surveys of immigrants face challenges of coverage, representativeness, and response rates. Longitudinal studies of immigrants and ethnic minorities, which have potential to address pressing issues in demographic research, are rare or partial. In the absence of register data, the highest quality approach is argued to be probability sampling using household screening. Objective: To describe the design and implementation of a nationally representative probability sample of immigrants and ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. Methods: We boosted a nationally representative sample by using small-area census data to identify areas that covered the majority of immigrant and target ethnic minority populations and oversampled addresses from those areas using varying sampling fractions. Households were screened for eligibility based on whether they included a target immigrant/ethnic minority member. If so, all adult members were interviewed. Results: We anticipated the main challenges would be: fewer eligible households than predicted in sampled areas due to geographical mobility; refusal of those screened to provide information on household eligibility; nonparticipation of eligible households. All these issues were found to some degree. We describe how we addressed them and with what success. Conclusions: A careful design and robust fieldwork practices can enable a two-stage probability sampling to achieve good coverage and a much more representative sample of immigrants and ethnic minorities than with more ad hoc methods. The potential research payoffs are substantial. Contribution: We demonstrate the potential for careful two-stage sampling on the back of an existing study for creating a high-quality multi-purpose survey of immigrants

The sexual attitudes and lifestyles of London's Eastern Europeans (SALLEE Project): design and methods.

BACKGROUND: Since May 2004, ten Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have joined the European Union, leading to a large influx of CEE migrants to the United Kingdom (UK). The SALLEE project (sexual attitudes and lifestyles of London's Eastern Europeans) set out to establish an understanding of the sexual lifestyles and reproductive health risks of CEE migrants. CEE nationals make up a small minority of the population resident in the UK with no sampling frame from which to select a probability sample. There is also difficulty estimating the socio-demographic and geographical distribution of the population. In addition, measuring self-reported sexual behaviour which is generally found to be problematic, may be compounded among people from a range of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. This paper will describe the methods adopted by the SALLEE project to address these challenges. METHODS: The research was undertaken using quantitative and qualitative methods: a cross-sectional survey of CEE migrants based on three convenience samples (recruited from community venues, sexual health clinics and from the Internet) and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a purposively selected sample of CEE migrants. A detailed social mapping exercise of the CEE community was conducted prior to commencement of the survey to identify places where CEE migrants could be recruited. A total of 3,005 respondents took part in the cross-sectional survey, including 2,276 respondents in the community sample, 357 in the clinic sample and 372 in the Internet sample. 40 in-depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with a range of individuals, as determined by the interview quota matrix. DISCUSSION: The SALLEE project has benefited from using quantitative research to provide generalisable data on a range of variables and qualitative research to add in-depth understanding and interpretation. The social mapping exercise successfully located a large number of CEE migrants for the community sample and is recommended for other migrant populations, especially when little or no official data are available for this purpose. The project has collected timely data that will help us to understand the sexual lifestyles, reproductive health risks and health service needs of CEE communities in the UK

From peripheral region to escalator region in Europe: young Baltic graduates in London

This paper examines recent migration from three little-studied European Union (EU) countries, the Baltic states, focusing on early-career graduates who move to London. It looks at how these young migrants explain the reasons for their move, their work and living experiences in London, and their plans for the future, based on 78 interviews with individual migrants. A key objective of this paper is to rejuvenate the core–periphery structural framework through the theoretical lens of London as an ‘escalator’ region for career development. We add a necessary nuance on how the time dimension is crucial in understanding how an escalator region functions – both in terms of macro-events such as EU enlargement or economic crisis, and for life-course events such as career advancement or family formation. Our findings indicate that these educated young adults from the EU’s north-eastern periphery migrate for a combination of economic, career, lifestyle and personal-development reasons. They are ambivalent about their futures and when, and whether, they will return-migrate

The impact of migration on the sexual health, behaviours and attitudes of Central and East European gay/bisexual men in London

Extensive social psychological research emphasises the importance of groups in shaping individuals' thoughts and actions. Within the child sexual abuse (CSA) literature criminal organisation has been largely overlooked, with some key exceptions. This research was a novel collaboration between academia and the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP). Starting from the premise that the group is, in itself, a form of social situation affecting abuse, it offers the first systematic situational analysis of CSA groups. In-depth behavioural data from a small sample of convicted CSA group-offenders (n =3) were analysed qualitatively to identify factors and processes underpinning CSA groups' activities and associations: group formation, evolution, identity and resources. The results emphasise CSA groups' variability, fluidity and dynamism. The foundations of a general framework are proposed for researching and assessing CSA groups and designing effective interventions. It is hoped that this work will stimulate discussion and development in this long-neglected area of CSA, helping to build a coherent knowledge-base

Central and East European migrant men who have sex with men in London: a comparison of recruitment methods

Background: Following the expansion of the European Union, there has been a large influx of Central and East European (CEE) migrants to the UK. CEE men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a small minority within this population that are none-the-less important to capture in sexual health research among the CEE migrant community. This paper examines the feasibility of recruiting CEE MSM for a survey of sexual behaviour in London using respondent driven sampling (RDS), via gay websites and in GUM clinics.Methods: We sought CEE MSM to start RDS chain referral among GUM clinic attendees, our personal contacts and at gay events and venues in central London. We recruited CEE MSM (n = 485) via two popular websites for gay men in Britain (March-May 2009) and at two central London GUM clinics (n = 51) (July 2008-March 2009).Results: We found seventeen men who knew other CEE MSM in London and agreed to recruit contacts into the study. These men recruited only three men into the study, none of whom recruited any further respondents, and RDS was abandoned after 7 months (July 2008-January 2009). Half of the men that we approached to participate in RDS did not know any other CEE MSM in London. Men who agreed to recruit contacts for RDS were rather more likely to have been in the UK for more than one year (94.1% vs 70.0%, p = 0.052). Men recruited through gay websites and from GUM clinics were similar.Conclusions: The Internet was the most successful method for collecting data on sexual risk behaviour among CEE MSM in London. CEE MSM in London were not well networked. RDS may also have failed because they did not fully understand the procedure and/or the financial incentive was not sufficient motivation to take part

Reviews in brief: Moving lives: narratives of nation and migration among Europeans in post-war Britain. By Kathy Burrell. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2006. xix + 212 pp. £50 cloth. ISBN 0754645746

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