276 research outputs found
Collective transport in the insulating state of Josephson junction arrays
We investigate collective Cooper-pair transport of one- and two-dimensional
Josephson junction arrays in the insulating state. We derive an analytical
expression for the current-voltage characteristic revealing thermally activated
conductivity at small voltages and threshold voltage depinning. The activation
energy and the related depinning voltage represent a dynamic Coulomb barrier
for collective charge transfer over the whole system and scale with the system
size. We show that both quantities are non-monotonic functions of magnetic
field. We propose that formation of the dynamic Coulomb barrier as well as the
size scaling of the activation energy and the depinning threshold voltage, are
consequences of the mutual phase synchronization. We apply the results for
interpretation of experimental data in disordered films near the
superconductor-insulator transition.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; typos corrected, new figures, an improved fit to
experimental dat
Kondo Shuttling in Nanoelectromechanical Single-Electron Transistor
We investigate theoretically a mechanically assisted Kondo effect and
electric charge shuttling in nanoelectromechanical single-electron transistor
(NEM-SET). It is shown that the mechanical motion of the central island (a
small metallic particle) with the spin results in the time dependent tunneling
width which leads to effective increase of the Kondo temperature. The
time-dependent oscillating Kondo temperature T_K(t) changes the scaling
behavior of the differential conductance resulting in the suppression of
transport in a strong coupling- and its enhancement in a weak coupling regimes.
The conditions for fine-tuning of the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance and possible
experimental realization of the Kondo shuttling are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 eps figure
Hysteretic creep of elastic manifolds
We study the dynamic response of driven systems in the presence of quenched
disorder. A simple heuristic model for hysteretic creep of elastic manifolds is
proposed and evaluated numerically. It provides a qualitative explanation of
the phenomenology observed in experiments on high-temperature superconductors.Comment: 4 pages Revtex + epsf, plus 3 figures postscrip
Instanton approach to the Langevin motion of a particle in a random potential
We develop an instanton approach to the non-equilibrium dynamics in
one-dimensional random environments. The long time behavior is controlled by
rare fluctuations of the disorder potential and, accordingly, by the tail of
the distribution function for the time a particle needs to propagate along the
system (the delay time). The proposed method allows us to find the tail of the
delay time distribution function and delay time moments, providing thus an
exact description of the long-time dynamics. We analyze arbitrary environments
covering different types of glassy dynamics: dynamics in a short-range random
field, creep, and Sinai's motion.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Disorder and thermally driven vortex-lattice melting in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} crystals
Magnetization measurements in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} crystals indicate vortex
order-disorder transition manifested by a sharp kink in the second
magnetization peak. The transition field exhibits unique temperature
dependence, namely a strong decrease with temperature in the entire measured
range. This behavior rules out the conventional interpretation of a
disorder-driven transition into an entangled vortex solid phase. It is shown
that the transition in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} is driven by both thermally- and
disorder-induced fluctuations, resulting in a pinned liquid state. We conclude
that vortex solid-liquid, solid-solid and solid to pinned-liquid transitions
are different manifestations of the same thermodynamic order-disorder
transition, distinguished by the relative contributions of thermal and
disorder-induced fluctuations.Comment: To be published in phys. Rev. B Rapid Com
Charge transport through weakly open one dimensional quantum wires
We consider resonant transmission through a finite-length quantum wire
connected to leads via finite transparency junctions. The coherent electron
transport is strongly modified by the Coulomb interaction. The low-temperature
current-voltage () curves show step-like dependence on the bias voltage
determined by the distance between the quantum levels inside the conductor, the
pattern being dependent on the ratio between the charging energy and level
spacing. If the system is tuned close to the resonance condition by the gate
voltage, the low-voltage curve is Ohmic. At large Coulomb energy and low
temperatures, the conductance is temperature-independent for any relationship
between temperature, level spacing, and coupling between the wire and the
leads
A 4.8- and 8.6-GHz Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: I The Images
Detailed 4.8- and 8.6-GHz radio images of the entire Large Magellanic Cloud
with half-power beamwidths of 33" at 4.8 GHz and 20" at 8.6 GHz have been
obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A total of 7085 mosaic
positions were used to cover an area of 6 degrees on a side. Full polarimetric
observations were made. These images have sufficient spatial resolution (~8 and
5 pc, respectively) and sensitivity (3-sigma of 1 mJy/beam) to identify most of
the individual SNRs and H II regions and also, in combination with available
data from the Parkes 64-m telescope, the structure of the smooth emission in
that galaxy. In addition, limited data using the sixth antenna at 4.5 to 6-km
baselines are available to distinguish bright point sources (<3 and 2 arcsec,
respectively) and to help estimate sizes of individual sources smaller than the
resolution of the full survey. The resultant database will be valuable for
statistical studies and comparisons with x-ray, optical and infrared surveys of
the LMC with similar resolution.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Feb
2005 A
Spontaneous current generation in gated nanostructures
We have observed an unusual dc current spontaneously generated in the
conducting channel of a short-gated GaAs transistor. The magnitude and
direction of this current critically depend upon the voltage applied to the
gate. We propose that it is initiated by the injection of hot electrons from
the gate that relax via phonon emission. The phonons then excite secondary
electrons from asymmetrically distributed impurities in the channel, which
leads to the observed current
Sinai model in presence of dilute absorbers
We study the Sinai model for the diffusion of a particle in a one dimension
random potential in presence of a small concentration of perfect
absorbers using the asymptotically exact real space renormalization method. We
compute the survival probability, the averaged diffusion front and return
probability, the two particle meeting probability, the distribution of total
distance traveled before absorption and the averaged Green's function of the
associated Schrodinger operator. Our work confirms some recent results of
Texier and Hagendorf obtained by Dyson-Schmidt methods, and extends them to
other observables and in presence of a drift. In particular the power law
density of states is found to hold in all cases. Irrespective of the drift, the
asymptotic rescaled diffusion front of surviving particles is found to be a
symmetric step distribution, uniform for , where
is a new, survival length scale ( in the absence of
drift). Survival outside this sharp region is found to decay with a larger
exponent, continuously varying with the rescaled distance . A simple
physical picture based on a saddle point is given, and universality is
discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
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