INVESTIGATING WHETHER ECOLOGICAL MODELS OF COMMUNITY-ORIENTED VARIABLES IMPROVE PREDICTION OF CHILDHOOD RESILIENCE OVER A SET OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC VARIABLES SUCH AS IMPULSE CONTROL, EMOTIONAL REGULATION, RELATIONAL MOTIVATION, AND SELF-RELIANCE

Children experiencing trauma and entering child protective services have been continuously increasing. Problems associated with childhood trauma, such as neurodevelopmental disorder, trauma and stress-related disorders, personality disorders, substance use disorder, externalizing and internalizing disorders, academic problems, relational difficulties, and delinquent behaviors, have been found increasing despite advances in trauma and translational research. Children’s trauma is mostly interpersonal in nature and nested in their immediate environment. There is a need for a change in focus from helping children to overcome challenges and adversities to strengthening the resilience-building process by utilizing functional strengths in the environment to achieve sustainable outcomes. This study’s goal was to investigate how ecological community-oriented variables can help strengthen resilience-building processes of adaptive abilities and skills based on cognitive, behavioral, and motivational principles and moderate the progression of risks in children, adolescents, and young adults ages 10 and 21. The results of this study revealed that the ecological models comprising several community-oriented variables were statistically significant in influencing the expected variance on the resilience-building adaptive abilities of children, adolescents, and young adults

Prevalence of ocular morbidity in rural population of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Ocular morbidity is a significant problem in rural areas of India as it remains undiagnosed and neglected. Aims & Objectives:  To determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity in the rural population of Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the villages around RHTC Satrikh of HIMS Barabanki. Ocular examination and vision testing was done among 812 people using ophthalmoscopic instruments. Information was collected using pre-tested questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS and appropriate Statistical tests. Results: Of the total 812 individuals interviewed, the prevalence of ocular morbidity was 41.3% (335 subjects had one or more ocular morbidity); with 88.8% elderly affected (age >65 years).   Myopia was the most common ocular morbidity 14.8%, followed by cataract (14.3%) and hypermetropia (12.8%).  Allergic and infective conjunctivitis affected 5.8% and 3.9%, respectively.  The prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency disorder (including night blindness and bitot spots) was 1.3%.  Higher ocular morbidity was present in houses with higher SES. Environmental conditions had no significant relation to ocular morbidity.  Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular diseases among the elderly was highest and requires prompt attention.  Myopia was the most common ocular morbidity having a prevalence of 14.8%, followed by cataract (14.3%) and hypermetropia (12.8%)

Water quality of River Ganga with reference to physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics during Kanwar Mela 2017, at Haridwar, India: A case study

The present investigation was conducted to study the water quality of river Ganga during Kanwar Mela 2017 with reference to physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics at Haridwar city. Five sampling sites viz., Har ki Pauri (HKP), Vishnu Ghat (VG), Daksh Mandir (DM), Pul Jatwara (PJ) and Bhimgoda Barrage (BGB as control) were selected for collection of water samples. The reseult revealed that among the different sampling sites, the maximum values of EC (0.164 dS m-1), TS (545 mg L-1), TDS (320 mg L-1), TSS (225 mg L-1), pH (8.76), DO (10.04 mg L-1), BOD (4.76 mg L-1), COD (6.89 mg L-1), Cl– (124.50 mg L-1), Hardness (232.54 mg L-1), Alkalinity (158.36 mg L-1), NO32- (76.88 mg L-1), SO42- (228.34 mg L-1), SPC (6.8×106 SPC ml -1), MPN (4.6×108  MPN 100 ml -1), Cd (BDL), Cu (0.171 mg L-1), Cr (1.503 mg L-1), Fe (3.642 mg L-1), Ni (BDL) and Zn (2.456 mg L-1) of Ganga River water were recorded higer at Har ki Pauri (HKP) in comparison to Vishnu Ghat (VG), Daksh Mandir (DM), Pul Jatwara (PJ) and Bhimgoda Barrage (BGB) sampling sites. Therefore, it was concluded from the present investigation that the mass bathing and relegious activities greatly influenced the water quality of River Ganga and significantly contributed to the water pollution of River Ganga during the Kanwar Mela 2017

3 Loop Structure based Fuel Flow Controller Design for Robust Operation of Ducted Ramjet Rocket

This paper is about the designing of 3-loop structure based fuel flow controller (FFC) for efficient operation of supersonic ramjet based propulsion system. The main objective of the control design is to vary appropriately the engine controllable parameters (throttle value area) such that commanded thrust is achieved by ramjet engine without endangering the engine stability and performance. Various factors such as combustion-intake interaction, atmospheric disturbance and other flight conditions have a significant impact on the air intake operation which lead to effect on engine performance. Due to above effect, intake un-start and buzzing phenomena can occur due to back pressure fluctuation and it disturb the intake pressure recovery and air mass flow rate. So, back pressure based extra loop introduce in 2-loop FFC design to have tight control on back pressure margin for smooth and efficient operation of air intake without need of extra hardware

2 Loop Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Fuel Flow Controller Design for Air to Air Ducted Ramjet Rocket

Fuel Flow controller based ramjet propulsion system have a flexibility to change rocket velocity depending on guidance requirement by controlling the fuel flow rate as a function of atmospheric conditions like altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. In this paper, Design objectives & requirements of fuel flow controller have been brought out from guidance loop for air-to-air target engagement. 2-loop non-linear dynamic inversion (DI) based controller design has been proposed to track the commanded thrust and to meet the time constant requirement as a function of altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. The outer thrust loop is to control commanded thrust and to generate the demand for gas generator pressure loop and inner pressure loop is to meet outer loop demand by controlling throttle valve area. The engine state space plant model has been adapted with improvement of existing model. Throttle valve actuator specifications requirement are also brought out

Contamination, enrichment and translocation of heavy metals in certain leafy vegetables grown in composite effluent irrigated soil

The present investigation was carried out to determine the contamination, enrichment and translocation of heavy metals in vegetables viz., spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in the composite effluent (mixture of industrial and domestic wastewater) irrigated soil. The composite effluent of Hindon River was significantly (P<0.05/P<0.01) loaded with different physical (TDS, EC), chemical (pH, BOD5, COD, Cl –, TKN, PO43-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) and microbial  (total bacteria, total fungi, total coliform and yeast) parameters in comparison to the ground water. The composite effluent irrigation significantly (P<0.05) altered the soil characteristics like EC, pH, PO43-, K+, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb in the soil used for the cultivation of S. oleracea, T. foenum-graecum and C. sativum. The composite effluent irrigation significantly increased the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the S. oleracea, T. foenum-graecum and C. sativum. The enrichment factor of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in vegetables was recorded to be plant part specific after irrigation with composite effluent. The enrichment factor of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were recorded in the order of Cd>Zn>Pb> Fe>Cr>Mn>Cu for S. oleracea, Cd>Zn>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cr>Cu for T. foenum-graecum and Cd>Zn>Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cr for C. sativum after irrigation with composite effluent. Therefore, disposal of sewage and industrial effluents in the Hindon River must be strictly prohibited to save the existence of the Hindon River and irrigation practices using composite effluent should also be banned to prevent the possible health hazards due to consumption of contaminated vegetables

Effects of integrated nutrient management on agronomical attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) under field conditions

In this investigation the effects of different integrated nutrient management on agronomical attrib-utes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. F1 Hybrid Arka Rakshak) under field conditions were investigated. Ten nutrients treatments viz., without nutrient (control) (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T2), agro residue vermicompost (ARV) @ 5 t ha-1 (T3), sugarcane pressmud compost (SPC) @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), cattle dung compost (CDC) @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T5), sewage sludge (SS) @ 2 t ha-1 (T6), T7 (50 % RDF + ARV @ 5 t ha-1), T8 (50 % RDF + SPC @ 5 t ha-1), T9 (50 % RDF + CDC @ 12.5 t ha-1) and T10 (50% RDF + SS @ 2 t ha-1) were used for the cultivation of L. esculentum. The results showed that different treatments showed significant (P-0.05/P-0.01) change in EC, OC, TKN, PO43-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn of the soil. Among various treatments the most plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, LAI, number of flowers/plant, fruits/plant, crop yield/plant, and biochemical ingredient like crude protein, dietary fiber, total carbohydrates and total sugar of L. esculentum was recorded with 50% RDF + ARV @ 5 t ha-1. The agronomical performance of L. esculentum was recorded in the order of T7 > T10 > T9 > T8 > T3 > T6 > T5 > T4 > T2 > T1 treatments. Thus, sole ARV and 50% RDF along with ARV @ 5 t ha-1 can be used to achieve the maximum crop yield of L. esculentum

Heavy metals and microbial contamination of certain leafy vegetables grown in abattoir effluent disposal province of Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India

The present investigation was carried out to study the heavy metals and microbial contamination of four selected leafy vegetables viz., cabbage, lettuce, coriander and spinach grown in abattoir effluent irrigated soil. The results revealed that the values of various parameters of abattoir effluent viz., TDS (2840 mg L-1), BOD (2480.50 mg L-1), COD (2890.00 mg L-1), total N (195.80 mg L-1), Fe (18.48 mg L-1), Mn (2.88 mg L-1), total bacteria (6.97×108 CFU ml -1), coliform bacteria (3.24×104 MPN 100 ml -1) and total fungi (7.78×105 CFU ml -1) were found beyond the prescribed limit of Indian irrigation standards. The abattoir effluent irrigation significantly (p<0.05/p<0.01) increased the EC, total N, available P, OC, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, total bacteria, coliform bacteria of the soil used for the cultivation of cabbage, lettuce, coriander and spinach in comparison to their respective controls. The most numbers of bacteria (8.67×108 CFU ml-1), coliform bacteria (7.80×105 MPN 100 ml-1) and total fungi (9.85×105 CFU ml-1) were noted in the lettuce after abattoir effluent irrigation. Therefore, the higher contents of heavy metals and microbial population in cabbage, lettuce, coriander and spinach might be related to their contents in the soils irrigated with abattoir effluent. Therefore, the agronomical practices with abattoir effluent should be regularly monitored to avert environmental problems and attendant health hazards

Performance Assessment of Pre-processing Filters for Infrared Search and Track Applications

To enhance detection probability and to reduce false alarms, infrared imagery is pre-processed before subjecting it to detection algorithms in infrared search and track systems. Pre-processing algorithms are used to predict the complex background and then to subtract the predicted background from the original image. The difference image is passed to the detection algorithm to further distinguish between the target and the background and/ or noise more accurately. A number of pre-processing algorithms have been reported in literature, with their relative advantages and disadvantages. This paper brings out the computational complexities and simulation results of various algorithms for assessing their relative performances. Based on these parameters, statistical algorithms in general and max-min algorithms in particular, are recommended to be used for infrared search and track systems.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(3), pp.251-256, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.6