Sintesi totale di amminoacidi a base ciclitolica: un approccio orientato alla diversità

Amminoacidi carbociclici con funzionalità multiple installate sulle varie posizioni anulari, come le strutture polioliche 1-8 di questo studio, rappresentano un insieme molecolare omogeneo e, allo stesso tempo, variato, in cui ciascuna entità può essere vista sotto diverse angolazioni

Nuovi motivi azabiciclo [X.2.1] alcanici

Abbiamo intrapreso uno studio accurato avente come oggetto la reazione tra un reagente silossidienico a base pirrolica il N-(terzbutilossicarbonil)- 2-(terz-butildimetilsililossi)pirrolo (TBSOP, 1), e una serie di accettori chetonici di varia natura, simmetrici ed asimmetrici, enolizzabili e non, achirali prochirali e chirali prochirali enantiopur

The use of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to identify postnatal depression symptoms at well child visit

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>1) to evaluate the role of the pediatrician in detecting postnatal depression (PD) symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); 2) to detect factors increasing the risk of PD and, 3) to assess the importance of scores gained from fathers' questionnaire.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>we surveyed 1122 mothers and 499 fathers who were assessed using the EPDS during the first well-child visit. After 5 weeks, high scoring parents, completed a second EPDS. High scoring parents were examined by a psychiatrist who had to confirm the PD diagnosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>26.6% of mothers and 12.6% of fathers at the first visit, 19.0% of mothers and 9.1% of fathers at the second visit, gained scores signaling the risk of PD. Four mothers and two fathers had confirmed PD diagnosis. Younger maternal age, non-Italian nationality and low socio-economic condition were related to higher EPDS scores.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PD is common in the average population. Using a simple and standardized instrument, pediatricians are able to detect parents with higher risk of suffering from PD.</p

Unlocking Access to Enantiopure Fused Uracils by Chemodivergent [4+2] Cross‐Cycloadditions: DFT‐Supported Homo‐Synergistic Organocatalytic Approach

The discovery of chemical methods enabling the construction of carbocycle‐fused uracils which embody a three‐dimensional and functional‐group‐rich architecture is a useful tool in medicinal chemistry oriented synthesis. In this work, an unprecedented amine‐catalyzed [4+2] cross‐cycloaddition is documented; it involves remotely enolizable 6‐methyluracil‐5‐carbaldehydes and β‐aryl enals, and chemoselectively produces two novel bicyclic and tricyclic fused uracil chemotypes in good yields with a maximum level of enantiocontrol. In‐depth mechanistic investigations and control experiments support an intriguing homo‐synergistic organocatalytic approach, where the same amine organocatalyst concomitantly engages both aldehyde partners in a stepwise eliminative [4+2] cycloaddition, whose vinylogous iminium ion intermediate product may diverge—depending upon conditions—to either bicyclic targets by hydrolysis or tricyclic products by a second homo‐synergistic trienamine‐mediated stepwise [4+2] cycloaddition

Direct vinylogous Michael addition of prochiral 3-alkylideneoxindoles to nitroolefins

3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles represent a simple, yet enabling subfamily of indole alkaloids, and their ability to react as electron-poor acceptors has largely been investigated. In contrast, their utility as pronucleophilic synthons remains elusive. In this context, the present describes the successful execution of the direct, organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of prochiral 3-alkylideneoxindoles to nitroolefins

Типологія синтаксичних конструкцій в німецькій та українській мовах

Німецька та українська мови є односистемними мовами: обидві належать до індоєвропейської мовної сім’ї. Спільні корені та тривалий період ізольованого розвитку, вказують на те, що вказані мови мають характеристики подібності та відмінності в своій внутрішній будові. Німецька та українська належать до синтетичного типу флективних мов. Це означає, що граматичне значення слів у них виражається, здебільшого, за допомогою системи флексій і реалізується в межах одного графічного слова. Але флективна система німецької мови бідніша, ніж у слов’янських мовах.Немецкий и украинский языки являются односистемными языками: оба принадлежат к индоевропейской языковой семье. Общие корни и длительный период изолированного развития, указывают на то, что указанные языки имеют характеристики сходства и различия в своем внутреннем строении. Немецкий и украинский принадлежат к синтетическому типу флективных языков. Это означает, что грамматическое значение слов в них выражается, в основном, с помощью системы флексий и реализуется в пределах одного графического слова. Но флективная система немецкого языка беднее, чем в славянских языках.German and Ukrainian are single-system languages: both belong to the Indo-European language family. Common roots and a long period of isolated development, indicate that these languages ​​have characteristics of similarity and differences in their internal structure. German and Ukrainian belong to the synthetic type of inflectional languages. This means that the grammatical meaning of words in them is expressed, mainly, with the help of a system of inflexions and is realized within a single graphic word. But the inflectional system of the German language is poorer than in the Slavic languages

Proteomic Analysis of Sera from Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients Undergoing Replacement Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy

Common variable immunodeficiency is the most common form of symptomatic primary antibody failure in adults and children. Replacement immunoglobulin is the standard treatment of these patients. By using a differential proteomic approach based on 2D-DIGE, we examined serum samples from normal donors and from matched, naive, and immunoglobulin-treated patients. The results highlighted regulated expression of serum proteins in naive patients. Among the identified proteins, clusterin/ApoJ serum levels were lower in naive patients, compared to normal subjects. This finding was validated in a wider collection of samples from newly enrolled patients. The establishment of a cellular system, based on a human hepatocyte cell line HuH7, allowed to ascertain a potential role in the regulation of CLU gene expression by immunoglobulins

Halophenol bioremediation catalyzed by an artificial peroxidase

Halophenols (HPs) have been widely used as pesticides, herbicides and wood-preserving agents. Once released into the environment, they exert toxic effects onto living systems such as plants, animals and humans.[1] Among bioremediation strategies targeting HPs, oxidative degradation is efficiently catalyzed by natural heme-enzymes, such as Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP),[2,3] in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Peroxidases activate the phenol ring, by generating both phenoxy radical and carbocationic species, which further react to give coupling and/or oxidative dehalogenation products, such as chlorinated benzo-p-dioxins and quinones. The ability of these enzymes to cause phenolic coupling may allow the immobilization of toxic phenolic substances, such as HPs, limiting their bioavailability and suppressing their toxic effects. Humic acids (HA) are ubiquitous organic materials in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to which HPs can covalenty bind upon activation. In order to improve the chemical stability of natural peroxidases along with their catalytic efficiency, in recent years a variety of artificial biomimetic systems has been developed and evaluated to this purpose. [4] In this area, our ongoing project, focused on the design and synthesis of artificial enzymes led us to explore the activity of an artificial peroxidase, FeIII-Mimochrome VI*a (FeMC6*a), towards HPs.[5] Herein, the oxidative degradation of HPs catalyzed by FeMC6*a and its use in bioremediation strategies are reported. FeMC6*a is able to convert a variety of HPs, including 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) with 840-fold higher catalytic efficiency than natural HRP. 1. J. Huff, Chemosphere 2012, 89, 521. 2. S. Sumithran, M. Sono, G. M. Raner, J. H. Dawson, J. Inorg. Biochem. 2012, 117, 316. 3. K. Morimoto, K.Tatsumi, K-I Kuroda, Soil Biology & Biochemistry 2000, 32, 1071. 4. M. Chino, L. Leone, G. Zambrano, F. Pirro, D. D’Alonzo, V. Firpo, D. Aref, L. Lista, O. Maglio, F. Nastri, A. Lombardi, Biopolymers, 2018, e23107. 5. G. Caserta, M. Chino, V. Firpo, G. Zambrano, L. Leone, D. D’Alonzo, F. Nastri, O. Maglio, V. Pavone, A. Lombardi, ChemBioChem 2018, cbic.201800200

An ancestral host defence peptide within human beta-defensin 3 recapitulates the antibacterial and antiviral activity of the full-length molecule

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are critical components of innate immunity. Despite their diversity, they share common features including a structural signature, designated “γ-core motif”. We reasoned that for each HDPs evolved from an ancestral γ-core, the latter should be the evolutionary starting point of the molecule, i.e. it should represent a structural scaffold for the modular construction of the full-length molecule, and possess biological properties. We explored the γ-core of human β-defensin 3 (HBD3) and found that it: (a) is the folding nucleus of HBD3; (b) folds rapidly and is stable in human serum; (c) displays antibacterial activity; (d) binds to CD98, which mediates HBD3 internalization in eukaryotic cells; (e) exerts antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus; and (f) is not toxic to human cells. These results demonstrate that the γ-core within HBD3 is the ancestral core of the full-length molecule and is a viable HDP per se,since it is endowed with the most important biological features of HBD3. Notably, the small, stable scaffold of the HBD3 γ-core can be exploited to design disease-specific antimicrobial agents