L'autorité, le temps et le politique : analyse de la crise de la médiation à travers le regard d'une certaine littérature contemporaine

Ce mémoire vise à observer la transformation de l'autorité et du politique en Occident à travers l'observation (parfois hallucinée) qu'en font certains auteurs importants de la littérature contemporaine. Sur l'autorité et son rapport au temps, Alexandre Kojève, Myriam Revault d'Allones, Axel Honneth et Christopher Lasch serviront d'ancrage théorique tandis que l'étude de la mutation du politique face à la montée du centre apolitique sera construite principalement à partir des écrits de Pierre Legendre, Jacques Rancière et Slavoj Zizek. L'analyse littéraire subséquente tournera essentiellement autour d'une certaine littérature américaine, notamment celle de Brett Easton Ellis, Don DeLillo, Chuck Palahniuk et des influences qu'elle produit en France, chez Michel Houellebecq plus spécifiquement. Véritable fenêtre sur le réel, la littérature, bien qu'elle offre une perspective analytique éclatée, demeure une méthodologie incontournable quant au regard qu'elle porte sur l'évolution des moeurs de nos contemporains. L'individu épris de liberté, mais consommateur de médicaments, le nomade du cyber-espace, le déraciné, désensibilisé et déresponsabilisé de la post-modernité restent des figures prégnantes chez tous ces auteurs. La recherche, bien évidemment, sera ponctuée ça et là de constatations tirées de la réalité; elles cadreront radicalement avec la teneur de notre propos. L'homme détroussé de son passé ne peut, en définitive, qu'anticiper l'avenir sous une forme angoissante, voire catastrophique, pavant ainsi la voie à une jouissance sans borne d'un présent hystérique. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Autorité, Politique, Centre apolitique, Liberté, Déraciné, Désensibilisé, Avenir, Catastrophe, Présent

Eighteen year clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of the freestyle scentless bioprosthesis

peer reviewe

Robustness of kappa (κ) measurement in low-to-moderate seismicity 1 areas: insight from a site-specific study in Provence, France

International audienc

Geometric and algebraic classification of quadratic differential systems with invariant hyperbolas

Let QSH be the whole class of non-degenerate planar quadratic differential systems possessing at least one invariant hyperbola. We classify this family of systems, modulo the action of the group of real affine transformations and time rescaling, according to their geometric properties encoded in the configurations of invariant hyperbolas and invariant straight lines which these systems possess. The classification is given both in terms of algebraic geometric invariants and also in terms of affine invariant polynomials and it yields a total of 205 distinct such configurations. We have 162 configurations for the subclass QSH(η>0) of systems which possess three distinct real singularities at infinity, and 43 configurations for the subclass QSH(η=0) of systems which possess either exactly two distinct real singularities at infinity or the line at infinity filled up with singularities. The algebraic classification, based on the invariant polynomials, is also an algorithm which makes it possible to verify for any given real quadratic differential system if it has invariant hyperbolas or not and to specify its configuration of invariant hyperbolas and straight lines

Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes

Background: Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. Methods: We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.e. multivariable regression, Mendelian randomisation, and paternal negative control analyses), including data from over 400,000 women. Results: All three analytical approaches supported associations of higher maternal BMI with lower odds of maternal anaemia, delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby and initiating breastfeeding, but higher odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, pre-labour membrane rupture, induction of labour, caesarean section, large-for-gestational age, high birthweight, low Apgar score at 1 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. For example, higher maternal BMI was associated with higher risk of gestational hypertension in multivariable regression (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.63, 1.70 per standard unit in BMI) and Mendelian randomisation (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83), which was not seen for paternal BMI (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04). Findings did not support a relation between maternal BMI and perinatal depression. For other outcomes, evidence was inconclusive due to inconsistencies across the applied approaches or substantial imprecision in effect estimates from Mendelian randomisation. Conclusions: Our findings support a causal role for maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI on 14 out of 20 adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Pre-conception interventions to support women maintaining a healthy BMI may reduce the burden of obstetric and neonatal complications. Funding: Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Health Research, Research Council of Norway, Wellcome Trust.</p

A Genetic and Structural Study of Genome Rearrangements Mediated by High Copy Repeat Ty1 Elements

Ty elements are high copy number, dispersed repeated sequences in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome known to mediate gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). Here we found that introduction of Ty912, a previously identified Ty1 element, onto the non-essential terminal region of the left arm of chromosome V led to a 380-fold increase in the rate of accumulating GCRs in a wild-type strain. A survey of 48 different mutations identified those that either increased or decreased the rate of Ty-mediated GCRs and demonstrated that suppression of Ty-mediated GCRs differs from that of both low copy repeat sequence- and single copy sequence-mediated GCRs. The majority of the Ty912-mediated GCRs observed were monocentric nonreciprocal translocations mediated by RAD52-dependent homologous recombination (HR) between Ty912 and a Ty element on another chromosome arm. The remaining Ty912-mediated GCRs appeared to involve Ty912-mediated formation of unstable dicentric translocation chromosomes that were resolved by one or more Ty-mediated breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Overall, the results demonstrate that the Ty912-mediated GCR assay is an excellent model for understanding mechanisms and pathways that suppress genome rearrangements mediated by high copy number repeat sequences, as well as the mechanisms by which such rearrangements occur

Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in newborns and children show widespread sex differences in blood DNA methylation

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The AuthorsBackground: Among children, sex-specific differences in disease prevalence, age of onset, and susceptibility have been observed in health conditions including asthma, immune response, metabolic health, some pediatric and adult cancers, and psychiatric disorders. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may play a role in the sexual differences observed in diseases and other physiological traits. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of the association of sex and cord blood DNA methylation at over 450,000 CpG sites in 8438 newborns from 17 cohorts participating in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium. We also examined associations of child sex with DNA methylation in older children ages 5.5–10 years from 8 cohorts (n = 4268). Results: In newborn blood, sex was associated at Bonferroni level significance with differences in DNA methylation at 46,979 autosomal CpG sites (p < 1.3 × 10−7) after adjusting for white blood cell proportions and batch. Most of those sites had lower methylation levels in males than in females. Of the differentially methylated CpG sites identified in newborn blood, 68% (31,727) met look-up level significance (p < 1.1 × 10−6) in older children and had methylation differences in the same direction. Conclusions: This is a large-scale meta-analysis examining sex differences in DNA methylation in newborns and older children. Expanding upon previous studies, we replicated previous findings and identified additional autosomal sites with sex-specific differences in DNA methylation. Differentially methylated sites were enriched in genes involved in cancer, psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular phenotypes.Peer reviewe

Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation in newborns and children identifies numerous loci related to gestational age

Background Preterm birth and shorter duration of pregnancy are associated with increased morbidity in neonatal and later life. As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated associations between gestational age and blood DNA methylation in children. Methods We performed meta-analysis of Illumina's HumanMethylation450-array associations between gestational age and cord blood DNA methylation in 3648 newborns from 17 cohorts without common pregnancy complications, induced delivery or caesarean section. We also explored associations of gestational age with DNA methylation measured at 4-18 years in additional pediatric cohorts. Follow-up analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression correlations were performed in cord blood. DNA methylation profiles were also explored in tissues relevant for gestational age health effects: fetal brain and lung. Results We identified 8899 CpGs in cord blood that were associated with gestational age (range 27-42 weeks), at Bonferroni significance, P <1.06 x 10(- 7), of which 3343 were novel. These were annotated to 4966 genes. After restricting findings to at least three significant adjacent CpGs, we identified 1276 CpGs annotated to 325 genes. Results were generally consistent when analyses were restricted to term births. Cord blood findings tended not to persist into childhood and adolescence. Pathway analyses identified enrichment for biological processes critical to embryonic development. Follow-up of identified genes showed correlations between gestational age and DNA methylation levels in fetal brain and lung tissue, as well as correlation with expression levels. Conclusions We identified numerous CpGs differentially methylated in relation to gestational age at birth that appear to reflect fetal developmental processes across tissues. These findings may contribute to understanding mechanisms linking gestational age to health effects.Peer reviewe

Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight

Birthweight is associated with health outcomes across the life course, DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. In this meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we find that DNA methylation in neonatal blood is associated with birthweight at 914 sites, with a difference in birthweight ranging from -183 to 178 grams per 10% increase in methylation (P-Bonferroni <1.06 x 10(-7)). In additional analyses in 7,278 participants,Peer reviewe