A French Cohort of Childhood Leukemia Survivors: Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Health Status and Quality of Life

AbstractThe late effects and quality of life (QoL) in childhood acute leukemia survivors were compared between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and patients who underwent conventional therapy. The study included 943 patients, 256 of whom underwent HSCT (27.1%). Medical visits were conducted to detect the occurrence of physical late effects. Based on patient age, different questionnaires were used to assess QoL. To evaluate the association between HSCT and each type of late effect or QoL dimension, the appropriate multivariate regressions were performed. QoL mean scores were compared with those obtained for age- and sex-matched French control subjects. Of all the survivors, 674 (71.5%) had at least 1 late effect, with the risk being 5.0 CI95 (3.0-8.6) times higher for transplantation survivors. For child survivors, scoring of QoL showed no significant differences between the treatment groups. The adult HSCT survivors reported lower physical dimension QoL scores than chemotherapy survivors. Compared with French norms, the survivor group reported a significantly lower mental composite score; however, the physical composite score showed no significant difference. Thus, transplanted survivors have a high risk of developing late effects, resulting in a decreased physical well-being in adulthood. However, long after treatment completion, childhood leukemia survivors report that effects on psychological well-being are more important than they are in physical QoL dimensions

Despite mutation acquisition in hematopoietic stem cells, JMML-propagating cells are not always restricted to this compartment

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare aggressive myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood, initiated by RAS-activating mutations. Genomic analyses have recently described JMML mutational landscape; however, the nature of JMML-propagating cells (JMML-PCs) and the clonal architecture of the disease remained until now elusive. Combining genomic (exome, RNA-seq), Colony forming assay and xenograft studies, we detect the presence of JMML-PCs that faithfully reproduce JMML features including the complex/nonlinear organization of dominant/minor clones, both at diagnosis and relapse. Further integrated analysis also reveals that although the mutations are acquired in hematopoietic stem cells, JMML-PCs are not always restricted to this compartment, highlighting the heterogeneity of the disease during the initiation steps. We show that the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell phenotype is globally maintained in JMML despite overexpression of CD90/THY-1 in a subset of patients. This study shed new lights into the ontogeny of JMML, and the identity of JMML-PCs, and provides robust models to monitor the disease and test novel therapeutic approaches

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome: Update from the ESID Registry and comparison with other autoimmune-lymphoproliferative inborn errors of immunity

Background: Activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase d syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) with infection susceptibility and immune dysregulation, clinically overlapping with other conditions. Management depends on disease evolution, but predictors of severe disease are lacking. Objectives: This study sought to report the extended spectrum of disease manifestations in APDS1 versus APDS2; compare these to CTLA4 deficiency, NFKB1 deficiency, and STAT3 gain of-function (GOF) disease; and identify predictors of severity in APDS. Methods: Data was collected from the ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies)-APDS registry and was compared with published cohorts of the other IEIs. Results: The analysis of 170 patients with APDS outlines high penetrance and early onset of APDS compared to the other IEIs. The large clinical heterogeneity even in individuals with the same PIK3CD variant E1021K illustrates how poorly the genotype predicts the disease phenotype and course. The high clinical overlap between APDS and the other investigated IEIs suggests relevant pathophysiological convergence of the affected pathways. Preferentially affected organ systems indicate specific pathophysiology: bronchiectasis is typical of APDS1; interstitial lung disease and enteropathy are more common in STAT3 GOF and CTLA4 deficiency. Endocrinopathies are most frequent in STAT3 GOF, but growth impairment is also common, particularly in APDS2. Early clinical presentation is a risk factor for severe disease in APDS. Conclusions: APDS illustrates how a single genetic variant can result in a diverse autoimmune-lymphoproliferative phenotype. Overlap with other IEIs is substantial. Some specific features distinguish APDS1 from APDS2. Early onset is a risk factor for severe disease course calling for specific treatment studies in younger patients. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023;152:984-96.

Health status and quality of life of patients with primary immunodeficiencies diagnosed during childhood

Justification de l’étude. Les déficits immunitaires primitifs (DIP) sont caractérisés par une grande hétérogénéité clinique, biologique, génétique et thérapeutique. Très peu de connaissances sont disponibles quant au devenir à long terme des patients en termes d’état de santé et de qualité de vie. Objectif : L'objectif principal de l’étude est de mettre en place un dispositif capable d’étudier les déterminants du devenir à long terme d’une cohorte de patients présentant un diagnostic de DIP diagnostiqué au cours de leur enfance. Résultats. Au 1er juin 2016, 1014 patients ont été inclus dans la cohorte sur les 1800 interrogés. La cohorte adulte montre que l’état de santé est marqué par la prévalence très élevée d’évènements de santé sévère ou très sévères (touchant 87% des adultes), avec un taux de cancer de 7.6%. Comparé aux normes françaises, tous les domaines de qualité de vie sont significativement altérés. Seuls les patients greffés présentent une qualité de vie meilleure par rapport aux patients non greffés. Nous montrons que la QoL est inversement proportionnelle à la survenue de complications sévères. L’étude pédiatrique fait le même constat, démontrant que c’est très tôt pendant l’enfance que surviennent les complications sévères dont l’impact sur leur qualité de vie est majeur. Conclusion : les patients atteints de DIP présentent un état de santé marqué par une fréquence très élevée d’évènements de santé de haut grade, et ceci très précocement dans l’enfance. La lourdeur de leur état de santé est le déterminant principal de la mauvaise qualité de vie des patients, justifiant d’une prise en charge spécialisée et multidisciplinaires dès le diagnostic posé.Importance: Most children with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) now reach adulthood. Assessment of their long-term health status represents a major challenge. We aimed to gain insight into how PID affects patient health status and quality of life (QoL). Design: The French Reference Center for PIDs (CEREDIH) initiated a prospective multicenter cohort which enrolled participants who met all inclusion criteria: (1) patient with PID included in the CEREDIH registry, (2) clinical diagnosis before 18 years, (3) alive and living in France. Among 1810 patients eligible for inclusion (on 1/17/2016), 1047 were children, and 763 were adults. A severity score was assigned to each health condition: grade 1 (mild) to grade 4 (life-threatening/disabling). We report the health status of children by focusing on two endpoints: grade 4 conditions and grade 3 or 4 conditions. Results: In the adult study, only 12% of adults with PID had never experienced severe or life-threatening conditions, and 7.6% of patients had been diagnosed with cancer. Furthermore, adults reported significantly lower scores for all domains of QoL, and QoL was strongly associated with poor health conditions. In the pediatric study, the response rate was 62.5%. Of the 656 children participants, 83% experienced at least one grade 3 or 4 condition. Children with PID scored significantly lower for most QoL domains. QoL was strongly associated with heavy burden of health conditions. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the deleterious health effects bore by patients with PID become heavy since childhood, emphasizing the need to establish multidisciplinary healthcare teams, from childhood

Les Bactériémies à Staphylocoque coagulase négative chez le prématuré âgé de moins de 32 semaines d'aménorrhée hospitalisé en réanimation néonatale (étude rétrospective du 01/01/1993 au 31/12/2002, à propos de 138 cas)

RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cataracte et leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l'enfance (prévalence, délais de survenue et facteurs de risque après chimiothérapie avec ou sans irradiation cérébrale)

La corticothérapie et l'irradiation du système nerveux central peuvent induire la survenue de cataractes chez les survivants de leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique traités dans l'enfance. Cependant, peu d études basées sur une évaluation ophtalmologique systématique ont été jusqu'alors publiées. Nous avons donc étudié prospectivement l'incidence, les délais de survenue et les facteurs de risque des cataractes survenant chez des enfants et jeunes adultes guéris de LAL après chimiothérapie avec ou sans irradiation cérébrale (mais sans greffe de cellules souches hémoatopoïétiques), au sein d'une cohorte française multicentrique appelée LEA (Leucémie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent). Cinq cent dix-sept patients traités pour une LAL ont bénéficié d'au moins un examen ophtalmologique à la lampe à fente. Les médianes d'âge de la dernière évaluation et de suivi par rapport au diagnostic étaient respectivement de 16,8 ans et de 10,9 ans. Une cataracte a été dépistée chez 21 des 514 patients (prévalence: 4,1%). L'incidence cumulée au cours du temps était à 4,5 +- 1,2% à 15 ans et s'élevait à 26 +- 8,1% à 25 ans. Le seul facteur de risque significatif était l'irradiation du système nerveux central avec une prévalence de 11,1% versus 2,8% pour les patients irradiés ou non, respectivement (p<10-3). Toutes ces cataractes étaient peu graves car non opérées. Étonnamment, le dose cumulée de corticoïdes reçue n'était pas retrouvée comme facteur de risque. Nous concluons qu'aux doses de corticoïdes rapportées dans cette étude, la cataracte est très rare lorsque les patients n'ont pas eu d'irradiation, mais un recul encore plus prolongé est nécessaire du fait de la possibilité de survenue très tardiveAIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

SHELL-VIAL ASSAY IN DIAGNOSIS OF DISSEMINATED BCG INFECTION IN AN IMMUNODEFICIENT CHILD

International audienc