Assessment of drug prescribing pattern using WHO indicators in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India

Background: To promote rational drug use in patients of rural areas, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the WHO prescription indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns in patients admitted in Medicine department of UPRIMS&R.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from Jan 2015 to June 2015. Data were collected & analysed according to WHO prescribing indicators and presented by using descriptive statistics.Results: 626 prescriptions were selected in which 3205 drugs were prescribed. The most common drug groups prescribed were antibiotics 24.64% followed by anti-diabetic drugs 12.38%, analgesics 12.23% and drugs for cardiovascular diseases 11.82%, GIT drugs 9.01%. Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.11. Drugs prescribed from essential drugs list (India) was 76.06%. Drugs prescribed from essential drugs list (WHO) was 23.04%. Total number of prescriptions with antibiotics was 24.27%. Total number of prescriptions with injections was 24.05%. Percentage of fixed dose combinations was 28.7%. Drugs prescribed by generic name were 89.88%.Conclusions: The prescribing pattern of antibiotics was according to WHO recommendations while the average number of drugs per prescription was found high. There were small differences in the values of drugs prescribed by generic names, injectable and drugs from NLEM from the recommended values

An Overview on Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Transdermal drug delivery is involved in the transportation of drug through the skin for systemic circulation. Now a day’s more than 74% of drugs are administered drug in the form of tablet, capsule, which are taken orally but sometimes those are not effective as desired due to physiological activities of body. The major obstruction caused by stratum corneum to penetrate the drug. So there is need to facilitate the stratum corneum to increase the flux, a number of approaches are used to enhance the penetration of drug. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) are very effectively overcome the hepatic first pass metabolism and improve the steady plasma drug concentration. The present review article provides an overview of various types of transedrmal patches, method of preparation and their evaluation. Keywords- Transdermal drug delivery system, First pass metabolism, TDD

Analysis of intraoperative frozen section consultations and audit of accuracy: a two year experience in a tertiary care multispeciality hospital in India

Background: Diagnostic accuracy of intra-operative frozen section (FS) depends largely on quality of tissue sections backed by good clinical communication and experience of reporting pathologist. Periodic audit of this consultation in surgical pathology help in assessing the efficiency of procedure and addressing the pitfalls. In this study authors have analysed the spectrum, indications and assessed the accuracy of FS consultation in their institution.Methods: A retrospective study of 212 consequent tissue specimens submitted for FS over two years in study centre was conducted. The FS and corresponding formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue section with their final histopathological examination (HPE) reports were studied and analyzed. The results were classified in concordant, discordant and deferred categories. Accuracy rates and discordant frequencies were calculated and comparison with other similar studies was done. Reasons for inaccuracies were deduced.Results: A total of 212 tissue specimens for FS were reported over two years in this study institute, six of which showed discordant results. Most common site of FS in this study centre was from central nervous system (CNS) lesions (28.77%). Indications for intra-operative consultation were mainly for establishment of tumor diagnosis (66.51%) and status of margins (29.25%). The accuracy rate was found to be 97.17% with error rate of 2.83%. On analysis of discordant cases; the reason for inaccuracy was mainly due to interpretation error (83.33%).Conclusions: The audit of FS consultation established that accuracy rates of this study institution are comparable with most international quality control statistics for FS. The discordant cases were mostly false positive hence emphasising that a variable degree of reservation is required while interpreting and communicating the FS results. The closest possible diagnosis should be communicated on FS and definitive diagnosis should be deferred to HPE in case of doubt

Impact of GA3 encapsulated nanosilica on maize seed viability

The nanoparticles have the potential ability of the passing cell membrane because of their nano sizes. The SiO2 nanoparticles are one of the major and frequently used engineered oxide nanoparticles. In present investigation, the potential effect of SiO2 (10-20 nm) nanoparticles on maize seed viability were studied. We observed quick result of seed viability and also increase the seed viability percentage in presence of GA3 loaded silica nanoparticles. Three concentration of (0.5, 0.2 and 0.1%) tetrazolium salts were also used for staining of living tissue. In the present experiment seeds conditioned in 150 pp GA3 encapsulated nanosilica and tested in 0.5% TZ salt gave maximum viable seeds which was due to the increased availability of GA3 and showed quick staining over 0.2% and 0.1% concentration. Among the varieties, var. Navin imbibed in 150 ppm GA3 loaded nanosilica showed higher value of viable seed under 0.5% tetrazolium solution by better availability of GA3. Gibberellic acid enhances metabolic activity of seed by secretion of α-amylase enzyme which is important for quick staining of embryonic tissue

Measurement of the Higgs boson production rate in association with top quarks in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons at s√=13TeV

The rate for Higgs (H) bosons production in association with either one (tH) or two (tt¯H) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. The analysis is aimed at events that contain H→WW, H→ττ, or H→ZZ decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among tH, tt¯H, and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the tt¯H and tH signals correspond to 0.92±0.19(stat)+0.17−0.13(syst) and 5.7±2.7(stat)±3.0(syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for tt¯H, and to 1.4 (0.3) for tH production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling yt of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, κt=yt/ySMt, is constrained to be within −0.9<κt<−0.7 or 0.7<κt<1.1, at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the tt¯H production rate to date.SCOAP

Imaging in a rare case of intramuscular angioleiomyoma around the knee joint

Angioleiomyoma are rare benign tumors originating from smooth muscles of veins. They are found more commonly in extremities and are seen in subcutaneous tissue. Intramuscular angioleiomyoma is rare and can be confused with hemangioma. Though they do not have any characteristic imaging features but they should be considered in the differential diagnosis due to certain specific imaging findings on MRI which are discussed in this article

Multimodality imaging features of primary breast lymphoma – A rare entity

Primary lymphoma of breast is very rare which has no tell-tale imaging characteristics. Multimodality imaging helps not only in suggesting the possibility of lymphoma but also in its management. We present here one such case which was extensively worked up with various imaging modalities and was histologically proven as primary breast lymphoma

Prenatal detection of Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon: a case report

Abstract Background Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm that typically presents in neonates and infancy. Most of the cases of Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma are reported in neonates (60%) and infancy (93%), and very few cases have been reported prenatally. We describe here a case which was diagnosed prenatally in the 3rd trimester with rapid growth of upper limb and appearance of non-immune hydrops. Case presentation A 25-year-old primigravida, an antenatally booked case, presented for routine third trimester level III scan at 34-week gestation. Level I scan for nasal bone and nuchal translucency at 12 weeks and level II anomaly scan at 20 weeks were normal. Level III ultrasound scan revealed increased echogenicity and hypertrophy of soft tissues of right upper limb and trunk involving both the subcutaneous and muscular compartments. Fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed fetal anemia, cardiac failure, and non-immune hydrops. These findings with hemodynamic changes and rapid evolution were suggestive of Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. Conclusion The diagnosis of Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma should be suspected in prenatal period if there is unilateral hypertrophy of limb which has evolved rapidly over a short interval of time and shows findings suggestive of Kasabach–Merritt Phenomenon. Prenatal presentation is life threatening if it is associated with poor fetal hemodynamics. Prenatal counseling in such cases should include advice on termination of pregnancy with emphasis on neonatal management

High-Performance Non-Fullerene Acceptor Derived from Diathiafulvalene Wings for Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaics

A solution-processable small-molecule nonfullerene electron acceptor BAF-2HDT (7,7'-(9,9-didecyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-((4,5-bis(hexylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2 ylidene)methyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) bearing hexadiathiafulvalene (HDT) wings as end groups has been synthesized for bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics. The molecule shows broad absorption in the 300-600 nm range with a molar extinction coefficient (epsilon) of 9.32 X 10(4) M-1.cm(-1) exceeding to that of [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester of 2.8 X 10(4) M-1.cm(-1) at 461 nm. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the molecule are found to be -5.69 and -3.58 eV, respectively which is compatible with low band gap high-performance polymers such as poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3 '''-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2 '';5 '',2 '''- quaterthiophen-5,5 '''-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD). Photoluminescence-quenching measurements confirm that the molecule BAF-2HDT has excellent electron-accepting capability. The organic solar cells made from BAF-2HDT blending with conjugated polymer donor PffBT4T-2OD exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 7.13% with high V-oc of 0.77 V, J(sc) of 14.64 mA.cm(-2), and FF of 0.64. The design and development of such nonfullerene acceptors with high epsilon may be key to further development of high-performahce and cost-effective solution-processed organic solar cells