Planning in mixed market economies and the paradigms of development: problems and options

Analiza los factores que permiten comprender por qué la solución a la crisis no ha sido fácil: la mayor integración en una economía internacional inestable; la crisis de los paradigmas económicos; y los problemas técnicos, políticos e ideológicos que enfrenta el actual esquema de planificación de la región. Esboza algunas ideas acerca de como afrontar estos factores

La incorporación de los sistemas de calidad en la base normativa de la administración central del Estado de Nuevo León

Tesis ( Maestría en Derecho Público) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Effect of sulphur on selenium accumulation and speciation in Nannochloropsis oceanica

Sulphur (S) and selenium (Se) are chemically similar. Once Se is taken up, it substitutes S in S-containing amino acids. This study investigated the effect of S on selenite accumulation in the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. [0–28 mM] S concentrations and selenite concentrations of 0 and 30 µM were tested. S concentrations of = 3 mM led to decreased cell growth whereas cultures with = 4 mM were not growth limited. Se accumulation increased up to 8-fold when using S = 2 mM and decreased with S 28 mM. The average relative abundance of organic Se species was selenomethionine (SeMet) 98.2 %, selenocystine (SeCys2) 1.4 % and selenomethyl selenocysteine (SeMeSeCys) 0.4 %. Total fatty acids were not affected by S limitation or Se presence. This is the first study on the effect of S on selenite accumulation, organic Se speciation of N. oceanica and its potential as an organic Se-enriched food/feed ingredient.This manuscript is part of a PhD programme funded by the Green Aquaculture Intensification in Europe (GAIN) project that received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 773330. We are grateful for the preliminary literature review conducted by Judith Ham who unfortunately could not perform any laboratory work due to Covid-19 restrictions. We would like to thank Wendy Evers for her help in measuring the fatty acids. Ana Arias-Borrego and Tamara García-Barrera were supported by the project PG2018-096608-B-C21 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation (MCIN). Generaci´on del Conocimiento. MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”

Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens and Their Link to High Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels: A Prospective Controlled Study

Background. Although the association between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hyperandrogenism was identified more than 40 years ago, relevant questions remain unanswered. Design and Methods. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled study in 23 women with a diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole (HM). Results. All participants completed the study. Before HM evacuation mean hCG was markedly higher in the cases than in the control group (P≤0.001). Free testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were found to be higher in the cases (2.78 ± 1.24 pg/mL and 231.50 ± 127.20 μ/dL) when compared to the control group (1.50 ± 0.75 pg/mL and 133.59 ± 60.69 μ/dL) (P=0.0001 and 0.001), respectively. There was a strong correlation between hCG and free T/total T/DHEA-S concentrations (r=0.78; P≤0.001, r=0.74;  P≤0.001, and r=0.71;  P≤0.001), respectively. In the cases group 48 hours after HM evacuation, hCG levels were found to be significantly lower when compared to initial levels (P=0.001) and free T and DHEA-S declined significantly (P=0.0002 and 0.009). Conclusion. Before uterus evacuation, hCG, free T, and DHEA-S levels were significantly higher when compared with controls finding a strong correlation between hCG and free T/DHEA-S levels. Forty-eight hours after HM treatment hCG levels declined and the difference was lost. A novel finding of our study is that in cases, besides free T, DHEA-S was also found to be significantly higher and both the ovaries and adrenal glands appear to be the sites of this androgen overproduction

COMPARACIÓN DEL PORCENTAJE DE GRASA CORPORAL ESTIMADO POR LA FÓRMULA DE DEURENBERG Y EL OBTENIDO POR PLETISMOGRAFÍA POR DESPLAZAMIENTO DE AIRE

La pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire (BOD POD) y la fórmula de Deurenberg son dos métodos de predicción de composición corporal y de estimación de porcentaje de grasa corporal que han sido validados y utilizados en diversas poblaciones. En este estudio comparamos el porcentaje de grasa corporal estimado por ambos métodos para una población aleatoria de sujetos adultos. Doscientos noventa y seis sujetos (edad 34.73 ± 13.27 años, índice de masa corporal [IMC] 28.51 ± 5.83 kg/m2, porcentaje de grasa corporal por BOD POD 31.62 ± 12.13 %, porcentaje de grasa corporal por fórmula 33.22 ± 10.46 %, p no significativa entre ambos métodos), fueron reclutados, 31% con IMC < 24.99 kg/m2 o de bajo peso, 29% con IMC entre 25 y 29.99 kg/m2 o de peso normal/sobrepeso, 35% con IMC entre 30 y 39.99 kg/m2 o con obesidad, y 3% con IMC >40 kg/m2 o con obesidad mórbida. De los 97 hombres (34% del total) y 199 mujeres (66% del total), las mujeres tuvieron de forma significativa mayor edad y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal por ambos métodos que los hombres, independientemente de su IMC. La fórmula presentó tendencia a proporcionar un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal que el BOD POD, siendo significativo solamente en mujeres de bajo peso y obesidad mórbida, y en hombres con IMC entre 25 y 39.99 kg/m2. Abstract Air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) and the predictive formula proposed by Deurenberg are two of many validated methods reported for assessment of body composition and percentage of body fat calculation that have been used in diverse populations. In this study we compared the percentage of body fat calculated by both methods in a random sample of adult subjects. Two-hundred and ninety-six subjects  (age 34.73 ± 13.27 years, body mass index [BMI] 28.51 ± 5.83 kg/m2, percentage of body fat by BOD POD 31.62 ± 12.13 %, percentage of body fat by formula 33.22 ± 10.46 %, p non-significant between methods), were recruited, 31% with BMI < 24.99 kg/m2 or low-weight, 29% with BMI between 25 and 29.99 kg/m2 or normal weight-overweight, 35% with BMI between 30 and 39.99 kg/m2 or obese, and 3% with BMI >40 kg/m2 or severely obese. Of the 97 men (34% of the total) and 199 women (66% of the total), women were significantly older and had a significantly greater percentage of body fat by both methods compared to men, independent of their BMI. The formula tended to yield a greater percentage of body fat than the BOD POD, with significant differences in low-weight and severely obese women, and in men with BMI between 25 and 39.99 kg/m2. Palabras clave: grasa corporal, fórmula de Deurenberg, pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire, BOD POD, índice de masa corporal.

Hyperglycemia related to high-dose glucocorticoid use in noncritically ill patients

Background: Glucocorticoids commonly cause drug-induced diabetes. This association is well recognized but available evidence does not answer clinically relevant issues in subjects without diabetes. Methods: Thirty-five individuals without diabetes with a recent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia or nonHodgkin’s lymphoma on high-dose glucocorticoid therapy were studied. Close systematic monitoring of fasting and postprandial glycemia and fasting insulin determinations, HOMA-insulin resistance and HOMA β-cell function were performed. The primary objective was to define the incidence of secondary diabetes in patients treated with highdose glucocorticoids. Secondary objectives were to specify the intensity, the moment it appears and the evolution of hyperglycemia, in addition to the risk factors, mechanisms and impact of continuous and cyclical glucocorticoids on the development of hyperglycemia. Results: Mean age of patients was 38.4 ± 18.7 years. The incidence of diabetes was 40.6% and was found after the first week; half the time it occurred between the second and fourth. Two-thirds spontaneously normalized by eight weeks. Continuous glucocorticoid administration had a higher incidence of fasting hyperglycemia (P = 0.003). Mean peak insulin levels were significantly higher in cases of diabetes. Conclusions: High-dose prednisone for 2 to 3 months produced an elevated incidence of diabetes, usually with mild hyperglycemia occurring between the second and fourth week, normalizing spontaneously in all cases. Hyperglycemia was more frequent with continuous doses and occurred in cases with increased insulin resistance. The clinical and therapeutic characteristics of our participants, who were otherwise healthy, could represent the clinical setting of many patients with illness from other medical areas that might require high doses of GC for six to twelve weeks

Clinical Study Glucocorticoid Functional Reserve in Full-Spectrum Intensity of Primary Hypothyroidism

Adrenal function might be impaired in patients with primary hypothyroidism. The objective was to evaluate adrenocortical function using the low-dose cosyntropin test in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Consequently a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study of sixty adult patients with primary hypothyroidism was carried out. Patients naïve to L-T4 treatment were compared with control participants. A low-dose cosyntropin test was done before and after L-T4 therapy. Thirty and sixty minutes after the lowdose cosyntropin, the mean cortisol values were lower in the cases group (612.6 ± 133.1 and 603.4 ± 153.7 nmol/L) when compared to the control group (677.0 ± 82.4 and 669.9 ± 83.7 nmol/L) ( = 0.001 and 0.003), respectively. After L-T4 therapy, this difference was lost. Four out of 60 cases (6.7%) taking a cortisol cutoff value of 500 mmol/L and 11 out of 60 (18.3%) having 550 mmol/L as the cutoff had adrenal insufficiency before L-T4 therapy. After L-T4 therapy, 50% and 81% of the cases had normal cortisol response. In conclusion, patients with different degrees of intensity of primary hypothyroidism had improved cortisol response after reaching euthyroidism. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency was 6.7-18.3% and more than 50% of the cases had a normal cortisol response after L-T4 therapy

Prevalencia de malnutrición en adolescentes de Tapachula, Chiapas, México

Objective: to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (underweight, overweight and obesity) in adolescents from 12 to 15 years of age in the Tapachula municipality, Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional cohort study, with the participation of 793 high school students (423 women and 370 men), belonging to 10 schools. The body mass index was evaluated and the anthropometric status was compared by gender and educational sector (public and private). Results: of the general sample, 0.8% were underweight, 53.2% normal weight, 20.6% overweight and 25.4 obese; Comparing the prevalence of malnutrition by gender, men presented lower weight than women (Men: 1.1% - M: 0.7%), the same for overweight (M: 22.2% - M: 19.1%) and obesity (M: 26.8 %-M: 24.1%). When comparing the prevalence of malnutrition by educational sector, it was observed that in public sector schools there were more students with low weight (Public: 1% - Private: 0.6%), and in private schools a higher prevalence of overweight was observed (Private: 26.2% - Public: 19%) and obesity (Private: 28.6% - Public: 24.5%). Conclusion: this is the first study that shows the high prevalence of malnutrition in Tapachula, the second most populous municipality in Chiapas.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición (Bajo peso, Sobrepeso y Obesidad) en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años del municipio Tapachula, Chiapas, México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de cohorte transversal, con la participación de 793 estudiantes (423 mujeres y 370 hombres) de secundaria, pertenecientes a 10 escuelas. Se evaluó el índice de masa corporal y se comparó el estado antropométrico por género y sector educativo (público y privado). Resultados: de la muestra general, el 0.8% presentaron bajo peso, el 53.2% normopeso, 20.6% Sobrepeso y el 25.4 Obesidad; comparando la prevalencia de malnutrición por género, los hombres presentaron más bajo peso que las mujeres (Hombres: 1.1% - M: 0.7%), lo mismo para Sobrepeso (H: 22.2% - M: 19.1%) y Obesidad (H: 26.8% - M: 24.1%). Al comparar la prevalencia de malnutrición por sector educativo, se observó que en las escuelas del sector público habían más estudiantes con bajo peso (Públicas: 1% - Privadas: 0.6%), y en las escuelas privadas se observó una mayor prevalencia de Sobrepeso (Privadas: 26.2% - Públicas: 19%) y Obesidad (Privadas: 28.6% - Públicas: 24.5%). Conclusión: esta es la primera investigación que evidencia la alta prevalencia de malnutrición en Tapachula, el segundo municipio más poblado de Chiapa