Entrenamiento motor en el continuo de la realidad a la virtualidad

Introducción. La trasformación de la capacidad de movimiento de las personas es un reto que el fisioterapeuta asume como estrategia de aprendizaje motor.Objetivo. Plantear los referentes teóricos y prácticos más relevantes en el uso de ambientes terapéuticos en el continuo de la realidad a la virtualidad en el entrenamiento motor de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y enfermedad de Parkinson. Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura que analiza y aporta de manera conceptual, en el área de la rehabilitación y la fisioterapia, información sobre entrenamiento y aprendizaje motor.Resultados. Se evidencia potencial en el uso de la realidad virtual para la rehabilitación de alteraciones del movimiento debidas a disfunciones neurológicas. Las herramientas tecnológicas propias de la realidad virtual permiten un mayor conocimiento de los resultados con respecto a las características del movimiento, lo cual ayuda a mejorar el aprendizaje motor, en comparación con el entrenamiento tradicional.Conclusiones. Se requiere objetivar el proceso de rehabilitación para medir con precisión los cambios que producen estrategias de aprendizaje en las capacidades de movimiento de las personas con deficiencias del sistema neuromuscular para generar evidencia del impacto que tienen los programas de entrenamiento motor en el continuo de la realidad a la virtualidad.Introduction: The transformation of people’s movement capacity is a challenge that physiotherapists address as a motor learning strategy.Objective: To gather the most relevant theoretical and practical references on the use of therapeutic environments in the realityvirtuality continuum regarding motor training in stroke and Parkinson’s patients.Materials and methods: Literature review that analyzes and contributes conceptual information on training and motor learning in the field of rehabilitation and physiotherapy.Results: The potential of the use of virtual reality in movement disorder rehabilitation processes due to neurological dysfunctions is observed. The technological tools for virtual reality allow a better understanding of the results with respect to the characteristics of the movement, which helps to improve motor learning in comparison with traditional training.Conclusions: It is necessary to objectify the rehabilitation process to accurately measure the changes generated by learning strategies in the movement abilities of patients with neuromuscular system disorders in order to obtain evidence of the impact that motor training programs have on the reality-virtuality continuum

Bovine decellularized amniotic membrane: Extracellular matrix as scaffold for mammalian skin

Decellularized membranes (DM) were obtained from bovine amniotic membranes (BAM) using four different decellularization protocols, based on physical, chemical, and mechanical treatment. The new material was used as a biological scaffold for in vitro skin cell culture. The DM were characterized using hematoxylin-eosin assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro cytotoxicity of DM was evaluated using MTT. The efficacy of decellularization process was assessed throughDNAquantification and electrophoresis. All the used protocols showed a high effectiveness in terms of elimination of native cells, confirmed by DNA extraction and quantification, electrophoresis, and SEM, although protocol IV removes the cellular contents and preserve the native extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture which it can be considered as the most effective in terms of decellularization. FTIR-ATR and DSC on the other hand, revealed the effects of decellularization on the biochemical composition of the matrices. There was no cytotoxicity and the biological matrices obtained were a source of collagen for recellularization. The matrices of protocols I, II, and III were degraded at day 21 of cell culture, forming a gel. The biocompatibility in vitro was demonstrated; hence these matrices may be deemed as potential scaffold for epithelial tissue regeneration

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: a promising alternative for bone tissue regeneration

Scaffolds can be considered as one of the most promising treatments for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, blends of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxyapatite in different ratios were used to synthesize scaffolds via freeze-drying. Mechanical tests, FTIR, swelling and solubility degree, DSC, morphology, and cell viability were used as characterization techniques. Statistical significance of the experiments was determined using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p < 0.05. Crosslinked and plasticized scaffolds absorbed five times more water than non-crosslinked and plasticized ones, which is an indicator of better hydrophilic features, as well as adequate resistance to water without detriment of the swelling potential. Indeed, the tested mechanical properties were notably higher for samples which were undergone to crosslinking and plasticized process. The presence of chitosan is determinant in pore formation and distribution which is an imperative for cell communication. Uniform pore size with diameters ranging from 142 to 519m were obtained, a range that has been described as optimal for bone tissue regeneration. Moreover, cytotoxicity was considered as negligible in the tested conditions, and viability indicates that the material might have potential as a bone regeneration system. © 2018 MDPI AG. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic-Program NPU I [LO1504]; Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Calda

Motor training from reality to virtuality

Introducción. La trasformación de la capacidad de movimiento de las personas es un reto que el fisioterapeuta asume como estrategia de aprendizaje motor. Objetivo. Plantear los referentes teóricos y prácticos más relevantes en el uso de ambientes terapéuticos en el continuo de la realidad a la virtualidad en el entrenamiento motor de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y enfermedad de Parkinson. Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura que analiza y aporta de manera conceptual, en el área de la rehabilitación y la fisioterapia, información sobre entrenamiento y aprendizaje motor. Resultados. Se evidencia potencial en el uso de la realidad virtual para la rehabilitación de alteraciones del movimiento debidas a disfunciones neurológicas. Las herramientas tecnológicas propias de la realidad virtual permiten un mayor conocimiento de los resultados con respecto a las características del movimiento, lo cual ayuda a mejorar el aprendizaje motor, en comparación con el entrenamiento tradicional. Conclusiones. Se debe objetivar el proceso de rehabilitación para medir con precisión los cambios de las estrategias de aprendizaje en las capacidades de movimiento de personas con deficiencias del sistema neuromuscular y generar evidencia del impacto que tienen los programas de entrenamiento motor en el continuo de la realidad a la virtualidad.Introduction: The transformation of people’s movement capacity is a challenge that physiotherapists address as a motor learning strategy. Objective: To gather the most relevant theoretical and practical references on the use of therapeutic environments in the realityvirtuality continuum regarding motor training in stroke and Parkinson’s patients. Materials and methods: Literature review that analyzes and contributes conceptual information on training and motor learning in the field of rehabilitation and physiotherapy. Results: The potential of the use of virtual reality in movement disorder rehabilitation processes due to neurological dysfunctions is observed. The technological tools for virtual reality allow a better understanding of the results with respect to the characteristics of the movement, which helps to improve motor learning in comparison with traditional training. Conclusions: It is necessary to objectify the rehabilitation process to accurately measure the changes generated by learning strategies in the movement abilities of patients with neuromuscular system disorders in order to obtain evidence of the impact that motor training programs have on the reality-virtuality continuum. © 2018, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved

Novel biopolimeric system for bone tissue engineering: Crosslinked and plasticized chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol/hydroxiapatite scaffolds

Porous scaffolds made of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite were prepared via freeze-drying method. In this matter, three different volume ratios of polymer solutions (1:1, 1:3, 3:1) and constant hydroxyapatite mass ratio were blended. Glutaraldehyde and glycerol were added as a polymer-chain crosslinker and plasticizer, respectively. The obtained scaffolds were used to test bone proliferation and potential for bone regeneration and they were characterized through FTIR, mechanical tests, cell cultures and swelling tests. Every quantitative measurement was statistically tested using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with < 0.05. Partial results from cell culture have been obtained, showing faster cell differentiation in the scaffolds combined with glutaraldehyde and glycerol. Crosslinked scaffolds showed better swelling conditions than those that were not subject to this chemical reaction. Besides, samples with higher chitosan ratio exhibited better swelling behavior. Experiments suggest that the bio-polymeric system has potential for bone tissue regeneration. © 2018 IEEE.Universidad Manuela Beltran (Bogota, Colombia); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic - Program NPU I [LO1504