Efecto del extracto de las hojas de casearia corymbosa sobre la germinación de passiflora edulis var. Edulis

Basado en el conocimiento tradicional etnobotánico de comunidades campesinas del Tolima, se evaluó la actividad biológica del extracto acuoso de las hojas de Casearia corymbosa sobre la germinación de semillas de Passiflora edulis var. edulis (Gulupa). Paralelamente se comprobó por cromatografía de capa delgada (TLC) la presencia de ácido giberélico en la fracción giberélica (AcOEt-ácida) obtenida del extracto metanolico (80%). Se siguió el método tradicional para la obtención del extracto acuoso y el método de fraccionamiento fitoquímico con solventes orgánicos para la obtención de la fracción giberélica. El extracto acuoso fue diluido varias veces para preparar 12 tratamientos experimentales que fueron utilizados en dos ensayos de germinación (in vitro y en campo) y comparados con 3 tratamientos control (GA3) y 2 tratamientos control con agua destilada. Se trabajó con un lote de 2800 semillas maduras obtenidas de una planta seleccionada de Gulupa. Se realizó una prueba de tetrazolium para determinar la viabilidad de las semillas. Después se montó un ensayo en campo con 700 semillas usando un diseño en bloques de 7 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones y un ensayo in vitro con 1700 semillas usando un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) de 17 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones. El porcentaje de germinación (G%) se evaluó cada 10 días durante 70 días y los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente encontrando diferencias muy significativas con una prueba ANAVA. Se determinó con una prueba LSD, que los 2 mejores tratamientos no fueron diferentes entre sí, pero si fueron diferentes del resto de tratamientos. Los mejores resultados en el G% alcanzaron el 94% y 81% respectivamente. Los resultados sustentan la hipótesis de investigación la cual se relaciona con la presencia de giberelinas en las hojas de C. corymbosa que pueden ser tan efectivas como el GA3 en la promoción de la germinación. Adicionalmente, se realizó una prueba de tetrazolium al final del ensayo con las semillas que no presentaron germinación para determinar la perdida de viabilidad.Based on traditional etnobotanical knowledge of some rural communities from central Colombia, the biological activity of the leaf extract of Casearia corymbosa was evaluated on the germination of Passiflora edulis var. edulis seeds. Parallely, the presence of gibberellic acid, by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was confirmed in the gibberellic fraction (AcOEt-acid) obtained from the methanolic (80%) leaf extract. This gibberellic fraction was obtained by phytochemical fractionation method with organic solvents. Leaf extract was obtained by traditional water extraction and it was diluted several times to prepare 12 experimental treatments, which were compared with 3 GA3 and 2 distilled water control treatments, in 2 germination tests (in vitro and field). 2800 matures seeds were used, collected from a selected plant of Passion fruit. A tetrazolium test was conducted at the beginning of essay to determine seed viability. Then, field essay was made with 700 seeds, using a Block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications, and in vitro assay with 1700 seeds was carried out, with DCA design, 17 treatments and 5 replications. The germination percentage (G %) was evaluated every 10 days during 70 days and the results were statistically analyzed with program R (2.8.1.). Highly significant differences between treatments were found by ANAVA, and the LSD test determined not differences between 2 best treatments, but they resulted to by different from the rest of treatments. Best germination obtained was of 94% and 81% respectively. The results support the research hypothesis, which is related to the presence of gibberellins in the leaf extract of C. corymbosa, and this can be as effective as GA3 in promoting seed germination. Additionally, another tetrazolium test at the end of assay was realized with the seeds that not showed germination, to determinate loss of viability.Biólogo (a)Pregrad

The botanical explorations in Colombia: A review of the written botanical heritage with analyses of Lamiaceae collections as studied case

A chronological review of botanical explorations in Colombian was made through the revision of notes and publications from early 1500 ́s to late 1990 ́s. Complementary, herbaria photographs of Lamiaceae collections from botanical explorations in Colombia, deposited in the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium were analyzed in order to have a clear idea about the researches that were involved with collections in Colombia during the last 150 years.

Efecto del extracto de Casearia Corymbosa sobre la germinación de Passiflora edulis var. edulis

Basado en el conocimiento etnobotánico de comunidades campesinas del Tolima, se evaluó la actividad biológica del extracto acuoso de las hojas de Casearia corymbosa sobre la germinación de semillas de Passiflora edulis var. edulis (Gulupa). Se siguió el método tradicional para la obtención Del extracto acuoso, el cual fue diluido varias veces para preparar 12 tratamientos experimentales, los cuales fueron utilizados en un ensayo de germinación (in vitro) y comparados con 3 tratamientos control com Acido giberélico (GA3) y 2 tratamientos control con agua destilada. Se realizó una prueba de tetrazolium para determinar la viabilidad de las semillas y después se montó un ensayo in vitro, de diseño DCA, com 17 tratamientos y 1700 semillas. El porcentaje de germinación (G%) se midió cada 10 días durante 70 días y los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa R (2.8.1.). Se encontraron diferencias muy significativas entre los tratamientos con una prueba ANAVA. Se determinó con uma prueba LSD que los 2 mejores tratamientos no fueron diferentes entre sí, pero fueron diferentes del resto de tratamientos. Los mejores resultados en el G% alcanzaron el 94% y 81%. Los resultados sustentan la hipótesis de investigación, la cual propone que dependiendo de la concentración, el extracto de las hojas de C. corymbosa, puede ser tan efectivo como el GA3 en la promoción de la germinación de semillas

Biologia floral e fragrâncias das flores de Passiflora L

As flores das espécies do gênero Passiflora têm recebido especial atenção por sua extraordinária beleza e complexidade da corola além de suas intensas fragrâncias. A presença de tecidos secretores de compostos voláteis (CVS) nas flores de Passiflora é muito variável, têm grande importância ecológica e prospecção econômica. Atualmente, só se tem registro dos CVs das fragrâncias florais de algumas poucas espécies, obtidos por meio de diferentes metodologias, com resultados variáveis. Durante os anos 2011 e 2012 foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa em parceria UNESP/FCA - Botucatu e Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) para estudar parâmetros da biologia floral e obter a primeira coleção brasileira dos perfis químicos das fragrâncias florais de cinco espécies de Passiflora L. (Passiflora edulis Sims., P. alata Curtis., P. cincinnata Mast., P. coccinea Aubl. e P. quadrangularis L.). As cinco espécies foram cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Os compostos voláteis das fragrâncias das flores de cada espécie foram capturados com a técnica de Headspace dinâmico (HSD) e as fragrâncias avaliadas através de teste olfativo. A análise da composição química das fragrâncias foi conduzida em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas e a identificação dos constituintes químicos foi efetuada através dos índices de retenção (IR) seguido da análise comparativa dos espectros de massas com diferentes bancos de dados especializados. Os resultados demonstraram que as espécies estudadas apresentam diferenças significativas na biologia floral, relacionados com o período de floração, desenvolvimento dos botões florais, numero e tamanho das flores produzidas. As composições químicas das fragrâncias florais das espécies estudadas têm grande diversidade interespecífica, assim como interessante potencial na...The flowers of the species from the genus Passiflora have received special attention for its extraordinary beauty, complexity of the corona and for their intense fragrances. The presence of volatile compounds (VCs) secreting tissues in the flowers of Passiflora is highly variable and have major ecological and economic survey. Currently, there are records of the VCOs of floral fragrances from a few species, obtained by different methods with varying results. During the years 2011 and 2012 a research was carried out as a master´s dissertation in partnership between the UNESP-Botucatu/IAC, to study the floral behaviors and developed the first Brazilian collection of the chemical profiles from the floral fragrances of five species of Passiflora L. ( Passiflora edulis Sim, P. alata Curtis., P. cincinnata Mast., P. coccinea Aubl. and P. quadrangularis L.). The five species were grown in a greenhouse following specific recommendations. The fragrances of the flowers from each species were evaluated by sensory test and the VCOS were collected with the technique of Dynamic Headspace (DHS). The analyses of the chemical composition of fragrances were conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer. The identification of the chemical constituents was carried through the calculation of retention indices (RI) followed by comparative analysis of mass spectra with different specialized databases. The results of the flowering period, development of floral buds, size and number of flower produced showed significative differences between the studied species. Also, the chemical compositions of the floral fragrances from the studied species had large interspecific diversity, as well as interesting potential in the fragrance industry, particularly the floral fragrance of P. alata. The olfactive analysis revealed that this species is highly promissory due... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Primer reporte de patogenicidad por nemátodos entomopatógenos sobre la chinche de los pastos Collaria scenica Stål (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Se evaluó la patogenicidad de Steinernema sp. y Heterorhabditis sp., y se determinó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de Juveniles infectivos (JI) sobre ninfas y adultos de Collaria scenica. Para esto, chinches fueron inoculadas con 5 000 JI de cada especie de nemátodo en un diseño factorial (3x2) y se utilizaron siete concentraciones de JI en un diseño factorial (7×2×2). Las chinches presentaron 100 % de mortalidad y sintomatología de patogenicidad. Se comprobó infección por ambas especies de nemátodos y se asume que penetraron a través de los espiráculos y el ano. Se observó mayor capacidad de patogenicidad con Steinernema sp. En base a los resultados obtenidos Heterorhabditis sp. y Steinernema sp. podrían constituir una eficiente herramienta para controlar las poblaciones de C. scenica en pastizales

First record of infection by entomopathogenic nematodes of the grass bug Collaria scenica Stal (Hemiptera: Miridae).

NARANJO N, MONTERO DAV, SAENZ APONTE A. 2011. First record of infection by entomopathogenic nematodes of the grass bug Collaria scenica Stal (Hemiptera: Miridae). ENTOMOTROPICA 26(3): 117-125. The study was aimed to test the pathogenicity of Steinernema sp. and Heterorhabditis sp. in Collaria scenica. The effect of different concentrations of infective juveniles (IJ) were tested on nymphs and adults of C. scenica. For this purpose, the bugs were inoculated with 5 000 JI of each nematode species in a factorial design (3x2), and seven concentrations were tested in a JI factorial design (7x2x2). The bugs showed 100% mortality and symptoms of pathogenicity. Infection was found with both species of nematodes and penetration was assumed to be through the spiracles and anus. A higher capacity of pathogenicity was observed with Steinernema sp. Based on the results Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp. could constitute an efficient tool to control populations of C. scenica in pastures

Efecto Insecticida del Extracto de Semillas de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre Collaria scenica Stal (Hemiptera: Miridae)

This work was developed with the objetive to evaluate the insecticidal effect of the Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds against grass bug nymphs Collaria scenica Stal. For that, an extract was prepared from green fruits of Neem by rotaevaporación. The extract was diluted in three ppm concentrations corresponding to treatments. Using thin-layer chromatography we identified the presence of Azaridactina. DCA essay was carried out with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions that included the three extract concentrations and a control. In each repetition were used 15 nymphs, randomly placed in plastic boxes with food and the corresponding concentration. Every day an extract application was made and recorded mortality percentage, number of exuviae and number of individuals who came to adulthood in each treatment. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Games-Howell for each variable. The three concentrations of Neem seed extract had a negative effect on the development of the bugs. The more concentrated treatment (250 ppm) was the most effective, showing a 97% mortality, fewer exuvias and and fewer adults in the end of the experimentEl presente trabajo se desarrollo con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto insecticida del extracto etanólico de semillas de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre ninfas de la chinche de los pastos Collaria scenica Stal. Para eso, se elaboró un extracto a partir de frutos inmaduros de Neem mediante rotaevaporación. El extracto fue diluido en tres concentraciones de ppm que corresponden a los tratamientos. Por medio de cromatografías en capa delgada se determinó la presencia de Azaridactina. Se realizó un experimento DCA de 4 tratamientos y 5 repeticiones que incluyó las tres concentraciones del extracto y un control. En cada repeticion se usaron 15 ninfas, colocadas aleatoriamente en cajas plásticas herméticas con alimento y la concentración correspondiente. Diariamente se realizó una aplicación del extracto y se registró porcentaje de mortalidad, número de exuvias y número de individuos que llegaron al estado adulto en cada tratamiento. Los resultados fueron analizados con prueba Kruskal-wallis y Games-Howell para cada variable. Las tres concentraciones del extracto de semillas de Neem presentaron un efecto negativo sobre el desarrollo de las chinches. El tratamiento más concentrado (250 ppm) fue el más eficaz presentando una mortalidad del 97%, menor número de exuvias y menor número adultos al final del ensay

Efecto Insecticida del Extracto de Semillas de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre Collaria scenica Stal (Hemiptera: Miridae)

This work was developed with the objetive to evaluate the insecticidal effect of the Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds against grass bug nymphs Collaria scenica Stal. For that, an extract was prepared from green fruits of Neem by rotaevaporacion. The extract was diluted in three ppm concentrations corresponding to treatments. Using thin-layer chromatography we identified the presence of Azaridactina. DCA essay was carried out with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions that included the three extract concentrations and a control. In each repetition were used 15 nymphs, randomly placed in plastic boxes with food and the corresponding concentration. Every day an extract application was made and recorded mortality percentage, number of exuviae and number of individuals who came to adulthood in each treatment. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Games-Howell for each variable. The three concentrations of Neem seed extract had a negative effect on the development of the bugs. The more concentrated treatment (250 ppm) was the most effective, showing a 97% mortality, fewer exuvias and and fewer adults in the end of the experiment