Análisis del Sistema de Comunicación Interna de una Pequeña Empresa

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el diagnóstico que se llevó a cabo del sistema de comunicación interna en una pequeña empresa. La recogida de información se realizó a través de entrevistas estructuradas a todos los niveles jerárquicos de la empresa con el fin de valorar las diferencias perceptivas y modo de uso de los medios de comunicación disponibles. Se realizaron un total de cinco entrevistas de alrededor de una hora. Su desarrollo permitió evaluar las diferentes variables implicadas en cada herramienta comunicativa desde el momento en que era nombrada por un entrevistado/a. Los resultados mostraron algunas contradicciones entre los entrevistados y una baja comunicación descendente y horizontal, motivada por un limitado uso de las herramientas de comunicación correspondientes. Finalmente, se plantean algunas propuestas de mejora para prevenir determinados problemas y potenciar los efectos positivos de una buena comunicación

Compendio historico, en que se da noticia de las milagrosas, y devotas imagenes de... Maria Santissima, que se veneran en los mas celebres Santuarios de España...

Datos de edición preceden a la mención de responsabilidadSign. : calderón]-4 calderón]\p4\s, 5 calderón]\p2\s, A-Z\p4\s, 2A-2Z\p4\s, 3A-3Z\p4\s, 4A-4I\p4\s, 4K\p2\sTexto a dos co

Propuesta de un sistema de compensaci?n salarial como factor dinamizador del desarrollo organizacional para el Centro de Sistemas de Antioquia CENSA, sede Monter?a

178 p.La presente investigaci?n tiene como objetivo dise?ar una propuesta de un sistema de compensaci?n salarial como factor dinamizador del desarrollo organizacional para el Centro de Sistemas de Antioquia CENSA, sede Monter?a; es esta una Instituci?n de Educaci?n para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo Humano, que a pesar de tener 15 a?os de estar funcionando en esta ciudad, en la actualidad no tiene unas pol?ticas salariales bien definidas que orienten como distribuir equitativamente las cantidades asignadas para retribuir a los colaboradores, y estimular por su parte, a que estos realicen mejor su trabajo. Es por eso, que en este trabajo de investigaci?n, se parte en primera instancia con la contextualizaci?n del problema, despu?s se describen las bases te?ricas y legales en las cuales se fundamenta esta propuesta, la metodolog?a que es orientada bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y se apoya en una investigaci?n de tipo descriptivo, se hace un an?lisis e interpretaci?n de los resultados obtenidos por medio de la aplicaci?n del instrumento de recolecci?n de informaci?n, conclusiones y recomendaciones. Y para finalizar, se expone la propuesta dise?ada de un sistema de compensaci?n salarial como factor dinamizador del desarrollo organizacional para el Centro de Sistemas de Antioquia CENSA, sede Monter?a Palabras Claves: Propuesta, sistema de compensaci?n salarial, factor dinamizador, desarrollo organizacionalThe current research aims to design a proposal for a salary compensation system as a dynamic factor for the organizational development of the Systems Center of Antioquia CENSA, headquarter Monteria; an institution of education for work and Human growth which despite having 15 years of being in operation in this city, it still does not have well-defined salary policies that could guide how to distribute equitably the amounts allocated to reward employees, thus, stimulating a better performance. Hence, this study starts in the first instance with the contextualization of the problem, then describes the theoretical and legal bases upon which the proposal is grounded, as well as the methodology guided by the quantitative approach and supported by a descriptive research. Analysis and interpretation of the Data collected through the implemented instrument allowed to draw conclusions and recommendations. Finally, the proposal of a salary compensation system as a dynamic factor for organizational development of the Systems center of Antioquia CENSA, headquarters Monteria was presented. Keywords: Proposal, salary compensation system, dynamic factor, organizational development

Does Specialty Matter? A survey on 176 italian neurosurgeons and orthopaedic spine surgeons confirms similar competency for common spinal conditions and supports multidisciplinary teams in comprehensive and complex spinal care

Background Context Spine surgery is a multifaceted subspeciality requiring a breadth of knowledge and skill from different branches of medicine for the treatment of pathologies varying from degenerative to deformity, oncological, and trauma. Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the self-perceived competency of spine surgeons in relation to different types of spinal procedures. Study Design/Setting This is a survey study. Methods We conducted a survey on 176 surgeons (orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons). The instrument used for the assessment of the perceived ability was a survey consisting of 21 items (scenarios) developed and distributed through a professional online survey service to ensure confidentiality and anonymity. A newly proposed procedure-specific rating survey was used for the evaluation. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to assess validity. A p-value of 0.8 indicated reliability. Results Between the respondents (101), 47.5% were orthopedic surgeons and 52.5% were neurosurgeons. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory (Cronbach \u3b1=0.93). For common spinal conditions, the orthopedic surgeons and the neurosurgeons perceived a similar competency. The neurosurgeons felt more competent in some cervical conditions (upper cervical procedures, myelopathy) and in neurologic tumors of the spine. The orthopedic surgeons felt more competent in deformities of the spine and in pelvic trauma. Conclusions Self-perceived surgical competency for common spinal conditions is similar for orthopedic and neurosurgically trained spine surgeons. For less common conditions and clinical scenarios, the combination of both specialties seems to cover better the full spectrum of surgical care for spinal conditions. Multidisciplinary teams and comprehensive, multidisciplinary spinal surgical training should be considered to provide full coverage of spinal pathology

Photosynthetic responses of <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> to UV radiation and elevated temperature: roles of calcified coccoliths

Changes in calcification of coccolithophores may affect their photosynthetic responses to both, ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) and temperature. We operated semi-continuous cultures of Emiliania huxleyi (strain CS-369) at reduced (0.1 mM, LCa) and ambient (10 mM, HCa) Ca(2+) concentrations and, after 148 generations, we exposed cells to six radiation treatments (>280, >295, >305, >320, >350 and >395 nm by using Schott filters) and two temperatures (20 and 25 degrees C) to examine photosynthesis and calcification responses. Overall, our study demonstrated that: (1) decreased calcification resulted in a down regulation of photoprotective mechanisms (i.e., as estimated via non-photochemical quenching, NPQ), pigments contents and photosynthetic carbon fixation; (2) calcification (C) and photosynthesis (P) (as well as their ratio) have different responses related to UVR with cells grown under the high Ca(2+) concentration being more resistant to UVR than those grown under the low Ca(2+) level; (3) elevated temperature increased photosynthesis and calcification of E. huxleyi grown at high Ca(2+) concentrations whereas decreased both processes in low Ca(2+) grown cells. Therefore, a decrease in calcification rates in E. huxleyi is expected to decrease photosynthesis rates, resulting in a negative feedback that further reduces calcification

Are MODIC Type 2 disc changes associated with low-grade infections? : A pilot study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare intra-operative cultural examination in patients undergoing elective surgery for low-back pain with Modic 2 changes to patients without Modic signs. The aim of this study is to compare intra-operative cultural examination in patients undergoing elective surgery for low-back pain with Modic 2 changes to patients without Modic signs. METHODS: Sixteen patients with Modic 2 changes were compared with 23 patients without Modic signs. Pre-operative laboratory tests and intra-operative tissue cultures were performed, according to a standardized procedure. RESULTS: While no difference was found in pre-operative laboratory tests, intra-operative cultural examination showed positive results in 6/16 (37.5%) Modic 2 patients versus 1/23 (4.3%) in patients without Modic changes (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Although performed in a limited series of patients, this study supports the hypothesis that some cases of Modic 2 changes might be associated with the presence of low virulent bacteria