Psychoeducational Interventions in Children and Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is unclear. A systematic review was developed in accordance with PRISMA. Relevant databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PsyARTICLES) were analyzed. Articles of the last decade with type 1 diabetes population between 6 and 18 years participating in psychoeducational interventions were the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies were reviewed, and improvements were found in glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes knowledge, and psychosocial variables. The results support the positive effect of these interventions. The characteristics that seem to be behind the success of these interventions are the design appropriate to the characteristics of the population, the participation of psychologist and educators, the continuity of the program over time, and the use of digital tools and interaction strategies. Further studies need to be carried out and replicated in different groups of children and adolescents

Perceived social support and healthy eating self efficacy on the well-being of children and adolescents

Background: Unhealthy eating habits in children and adolescents and low personal judgment of efficacy in maintaining healthy eating behaviors have negative repercussions for health. These negative effects can have a differential affectation associated with psychosocial factors. Objectives/Method: The objectives were: to validate the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) Questionnaire for Spanish children and adolescents; to analyze the relationship between well-being, socioeconomic level, body mass index, age, academic distress, social support for healthy and unhealthy eating, and self-efficacy; and to develop an explanatory model of well-being in children and adolescents based on their eating behaviors and other psychosocial behaviors. Results: Data were obtained from 299 children and adolescents (58.5% girls) aged from 9 to 18 years old (M-age = 12.92 years, SD = 2.74). Preliminary analysis showed adequate psychometric properties and results showed that perceived well-being was associated with lower academic distress and parent and peer social support for unhealthy eating, and with a better eating self-efficacy, parent support for healthy eating, and general weight management self-efficacy. Conclusions: Therefore, fostering confidence in children and adolescents about their weight management self-efficacy judgments may influence well-being, reduce body mass index, and prevent overweight and obesity