Aplicações tecnológicas com fontes renováveis : Cocção solar em comunidades na região de Xingó

La inserción de la tecnología de cocción solar en la región de Xingó, semi-árido/NE/Brasil, envuelve además del desarrollo del equipo adaptado a las condiciones socio ambientales de la región, la capacitación de los usuarios en el manejo del horno y fundamentalmente lo acompañamiento de la utilización del equipo en el día a día de los mismos. La alteración en el consumo de leña y de lo carbón es adoptada como el principal factor de evaluación. Los beneficios socioeconómicos detectados atestan la gran importancia de esa iniciativa: reducción media mensual por familia de cerca de 70% en el uso de leña y de 75% en el uso del carbón y la no-utilización del GLP como substitución; quema evitada de cerca de 330 kg/mes y 135kg/mes de leña y carbón respectivamente. La proyección anual indica que podará ser evitada la quema de cerca de 8 ton/año de leña e 3,3 ton/año de carbón con la utilización de los hornos solares por las 18 familias. Los estudios sistemáticos también acompañan las dificultades, fallas del equipo, cambios de hábitos y diversificación en lo preparo de alimentos.This paper reports the development of a prototype solar over, the FOGSOLAR_FAE This conceptual is based on a solar over box with concentrator mirrors. The results shows that 100 to 140 ºC is obtained in the grill base of the over and it continuous with up 85ºC for 5 to 8 hours at an average daily radiation above 5,0 kWh/m2, which permits many processes of grilling and also cooking of foodstuffs can be carried out. 18 families are using the solar over in the Xingó Region. About 4 ton of firewood and 1,6 ton of coal were not burned in 6 month of used of the solar over.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Aplicações tecnológicas com fontes renováveis : Cocção solar em comunidades na região de Xingó

La inserción de la tecnología de cocción solar en la región de Xingó, semi-árido/NE/Brasil, envuelve además del desarrollo del equipo adaptado a las condiciones socio ambientales de la región, la capacitación de los usuarios en el manejo del horno y fundamentalmente lo acompañamiento de la utilización del equipo en el día a día de los mismos. La alteración en el consumo de leña y de lo carbón es adoptada como el principal factor de evaluación. Los beneficios socioeconómicos detectados atestan la gran importancia de esa iniciativa: reducción media mensual por familia de cerca de 70% en el uso de leña y de 75% en el uso del carbón y la no-utilización del GLP como substitución; quema evitada de cerca de 330 kg/mes y 135kg/mes de leña y carbón respectivamente. La proyección anual indica que podará ser evitada la quema de cerca de 8 ton/año de leña e 3,3 ton/año de carbón con la utilización de los hornos solares por las 18 familias. Los estudios sistemáticos también acompañan las dificultades, fallas del equipo, cambios de hábitos y diversificación en lo preparo de alimentos.This paper reports the development of a prototype solar over, the FOGSOLAR_FAE This conceptual is based on a solar over box with concentrator mirrors. The results shows that 100 to 140 ºC is obtained in the grill base of the over and it continuous with up 85ºC for 5 to 8 hours at an average daily radiation above 5,0 kWh/m², which permits many processes of grilling and also cooking of foodstuffs can be carried out. 18 families are using the solar over in the Xingó Region. About 4 ton of firewood and 1,6 ton of coal were not burned in 6 month of used of the solar over.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Aplicações tecnológicas com fontes renováveis : Cocção solar em comunidades na região de Xingó

La inserción de la tecnología de cocción solar en la región de Xingó, semi-árido/NE/Brasil, envuelve además del desarrollo del equipo adaptado a las condiciones socio ambientales de la región, la capacitación de los usuarios en el manejo del horno y fundamentalmente lo acompañamiento de la utilización del equipo en el día a día de los mismos. La alteración en el consumo de leña y de lo carbón es adoptada como el principal factor de evaluación. Los beneficios socioeconómicos detectados atestan la gran importancia de esa iniciativa: reducción media mensual por familia de cerca de 70% en el uso de leña y de 75% en el uso del carbón y la no-utilización del GLP como substitución; quema evitada de cerca de 330 kg/mes y 135kg/mes de leña y carbón respectivamente. La proyección anual indica que podará ser evitada la quema de cerca de 8 ton/año de leña e 3,3 ton/año de carbón con la utilización de los hornos solares por las 18 familias. Los estudios sistemáticos también acompañan las dificultades, fallas del equipo, cambios de hábitos y diversificación en lo preparo de alimentos.This paper reports the development of a prototype solar over, the FOGSOLAR_FAE This conceptual is based on a solar over box with concentrator mirrors. The results shows that 100 to 140 ºC is obtained in the grill base of the over and it continuous with up 85ºC for 5 to 8 hours at an average daily radiation above 5,0 kWh/m2, which permits many processes of grilling and also cooking of foodstuffs can be carried out. 18 families are using the solar over in the Xingó Region. About 4 ton of firewood and 1,6 ton of coal were not burned in 6 month of used of the solar over.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Difference Revised: Gender and Transformation among the Amazonian Runa

In this paper, I will explore how knowledge practices among the Runa of the Ecuadorian Amazon are informed by the specificity of local gender constructions. I will argue that while men learn to be ‘proper’ persons primarily through the ingestion of substances which penetrate inside their bodies and change them from the interior, women learn to become ‘proper’ Runa through imitating and reproducing specific movements. This difference in learning regimes, I argue, is based upon a priori conceptualisation of men and women as distinct kinds of beings. I argue that the Runa conceptualise as gender difference the way in which exteriority and interiority are played out in male and female persons. Unlike other Amazonian cases, women are understood by the Runa as ‘naturally’ predisposed to exteriority. This has important repercussions in the way cultural change is thought to affect women and men, especially in contrast to other Amazonian people

Body composition, muscle strength and quality of active elderly women according to the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test

BACKGROUND: Changes arising from the aging process, particularly changes in body composition, contribute to the functional decline of the elderly.OBJECTIVE: To compare the body composition and muscle strength, mobility and quality in active elderly women according to the distance walked during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).METHOD: The study included 77 active elderly women aged 65 to 80 years, who were divided into tertiles (A, B and C) according to the distance covered in the 6MWT. We performed anthropometric and clinical evaluations. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured with a portable dynamometer (Saehan), and knee extension strength (KES) was measured with the one repetition maximum test (1-RM). Functional mobility was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and body balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Muscle quality was defined by the ratio between muscle strength (kgf) and muscle mass (kg).RESULTS: The group that walked the shortest distance in the 6MWT had a higher BMI (A=30.8±7.0, B=27.2±4.2 and C=25.9±3.5 kg/m2), greater amount of fat mass (A=31.3±10.7, B=25.9±6.7 and C=23.81±6.46 kg) lower HGS (A=21.8±5.1, B=22.1±3.5 and C=25.5±5.1 kgf), lower knee extension strength (A=30.6±10.9, B=40.4±12.5 and C=47.2±10.1 kgf), lower arm muscle quality (A=10.1±3.7, B=11.6±2 and C=12.7±2.2 kg) and lower leg muscle quality (A=1.78±1, B=2.84±0.98 and C=3.31±0.77 kg). There was no significant difference between muscle mass (p=0.25) and lean mass (p=0.26).CONCLUSION: Body fat has a negative influence on functional performance, even among active elderly women

Hakani e a campanha contra o infanticídio indígena: percepções contrastantes de humanidade e pessoa na Amazônia brasileira Hakani and the campaign against native infanticide: clashing perceptions of humanness and personhood in Brazilian Amazonia

O presente artigo examina o debate, desencadeado pela campanha da ONG ATINI-Voz pela Vida e travado tanto no ciberespaço quanto na mídia brasileira, a respeito do infanticídio na Amazônia. Argumenta que este debate foi levado adiante em termos ocidentais-o suposto isomorfismo entre as noções de "humanidade" e "pessoa"-e, como tal, contribui pouco para entender esta incomum prática indígena. Para evitar o duplo risco do "imperialismo cultural" e do "relativismo cultural", adota um ponto de vista indígena, sustentando que os indígenas amazônicos consideram humanidade e pessoa como "estados de existência" independentes. Explora esta percepção por meio da análise de uma série de "instantâneos" etnográficos, à luz dos recentes desenvolvimentos teóricos, e conclui que, ao invés de confirmar o "primitivismo" das sociedades indígenas da Amazônia, este debate expõe a fratura da noção ocidental de "humano/pessoa", bem como a profunda- embora potencialmente positiva- crise do "moderno" pensamento ocidental.<br>This article examines the debate on native Amazonian infanticide triggered by the lobbying of the NGO ATINI-Voice for Life in both cyberspace and the Brazilian media. It argues that this debate has been carried out in Western terms- the supposed isomorphism between the notions of 'humanness' and 'personhood'- and, as such, contributes little to understanding this unusual indigenous practice. To avoid the dual peril of 'cultural imperialism' and 'cultural relativism,' the article adopts a native point of view. The article contends that native Amazonians consider humanness and personhood as independent 'states of being.' It explores this perception through the analysis of a series of ethnographic 'snapshots' in the light of recent theoretical developments. The author concludes that rather than confirming the 'primitiveness' of native Amazonian societies, this debate exposes the fracture of the Western notion of 'human/person,' as well as the profound- but potentially positive- crisis of 'modern' Western thought