Markers and genetic predictors of osteoporosis in routine clinical practice

The review aimed to provide information on main characteristics of calcium and phosphate metabolism, osteoporosis markers, genetic predictors of the disorder and their significance in clinical practice. Osteoporosis is a common problem of public healthcare that is often underestimated. The disorder is often diagnosed retrospectively after a fragility fracture. About 25% of fragility fractures are associated with secondary osteoporosis or with other causes of calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders. Estimation of main indicators of calcium and phosphate metabolism: calcium and phosphorus is necessary for osteoporosis differential diagnosis. Markers of bone remodeling such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen are important in dynamics assessment of osteoporosis treatment effectiveness and should be used more widely. The use of COL1A1, CALCR, VDR genes polymorphisms analysis for assessment of susceptibility to osteoporosis development is a question under consideration and requires further investigations. In order to write this review we analyzed Russian and foreign literature mostly published in the last 5 years and dedicated to the problem of osteoporosis. On the basis of literature study a deep understanding of specificities of the use of calcium and phosphate metabolism characteristics, osteoporosis markers and gene polymorphism in routine clinical practice was formed. Therefore, the presented material is quite practical for clinical physicians