Influence of the angle of the bath bottom inclination in ergot isolation device on grain immersion in a liquid

For the mechanization of the allocation of toxic ergot from the rye seeds in a wet way, the urgent issue is the development of a device containing a bath with an aqueous solution of salt. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the angle of inclination of the bottom of the bath on the rate of immersion of grains in the fluid of the device for separating ergot from rye seeds, which will ensure the efficiency of the process. Theoretically, we consider the movement of individual rye grains along the inclined surface of the bottom of the bath of the ergot extraction device. Rye grains have a density ρz = (1.2...1.5)·103 kg/m3, a length lz = (5.0. 10.0)·10-3 m, a width b = (1.4...3.6)·10-3 m, and a thickness δ = (1.2 3.5)·10-3 m. Geometric models of these grains are presented in the form of cylindrical and spheroidal grains. The movement of grain on the surface of the bottom of the bath of an ergot extraction device is considered at angles of inclination α = 27, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees by the methods of mathematical modeling, classical mechanics using the laws of hydrodynamics. It was established that the angle α of the slope of the surface of the bottom of the bathtub to the horizontal should be taken at least 650, at which accumulation is excluded due to the rapid rolling of the grain and a decrease in the thickness of its layer

Study of ergot isolation from rye in an aqueous salt solution

The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of ergot isolation and to estimate grain losses in waste when the cereal material is immersed in the stream material in water and an aqueous solution of salt of different densities ρzh from the specific grain load gsp. Practical experiments were carried out by feeding grain material of winter rye of Falenskaya 4 variety with a moisture content of 14% from a height of h = 60∙10-3 m into water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of 1030, 1060, 1090, 1120, 1150 and 1180 kg/m3. The variation of the specific grain load gsp was carried out according to the values of 0.674; 1.469; 2,871; 4.449 and 7.221 kg/(s∙m), which corresponded to the opening of the outlet window of the bunker of the experimental setup 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 25.0 and 30.0∙10-3 m. The temperature of ambient air, water and an aqueous solution of salt was 200C. It has been established that the density ρzh of an aqueous salt solution has a greater influence on the result of the technological process than the specific grain load gsp. At a density ρzh of the aqueous solution of the salt of 1150 kg/m3, there is a 100% emergence of ergot sclerotia on the surface of the solution, and the losses of the PZ grain to the waste do not exceed 2,52%, which corresponds to the agrotechnical requirements for the final grain cleaning machines

Parameters of the seed output device of the ergot isolation machine

Grains of rye, wheat, barley and oats are often infected with poisonous ergot fungi. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the grain from harmful impurities. Modern machines do not provide the isolation of ergot sclerotia from grain due to the closeness of their properties in terms of air flow rate and linear dimensions. Cleaning seeds from ergot sclerotia, which have a density lower than the density of the grain, is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. When developing such a machine, research is required to study the residence time of grain in an aqueous salt solution. Grains are considered in the form of a transverse cylinder and an elongated ellipsoid of rotation with numerical values of the parameters: density ρz = 1.2…1.5∙103 kg/m3, length lz = 5.0…10.0∙10-3 m, width b = 1.4…3.6∙10-3 m and thickness δ = 1.2…3.5∙10-3 m. Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of methods of mathematical modeling, classical mechanics using the laws of hydrodynamics. It was found that when using in the machine for the isolation of toxic ergot sclerotia from the grain of an aqueous solution of salt with a density ρzh = 1000…1150 kg/m3 and a height h1 = 0.35…0.60 m in a bath, the total time ttotal of seeds residence varies within 7.6…18.8 s. During this time, the seeds are moistened superficially, to eliminate which it is enough to blow them under the pressure of atmospheric air

Determination of the minimum drop height of the spherical grains in the solution of the treater

One of the main reserves for increasing grain production is the use for sowing high-quality seeds, purified from impurities and pathogens. One of the main ways to protect the seed from various diseases is dressing. The most effective way to protect seeds from disease is wet dressing with the simultaneous release of grain impurities. To develop a device for cleaning and dressing seeds by density using a wet method, an estimate was made of the minimum height of the fall of the grain needed to overcome the surface tension of the liquid. As objects of research, pea seeds were used, having a shape close to a spherical. Therefore, a spherical grains with a density ρz = (1.15-1.45)·103 kg/m3 and a diameter of 2rz = (3.5-10.9)·10-3 m was taken as a model of pea seed. We study the fall of individual spherical grains with minimal (2rzmin = 3.5·10-3 m) and maximum (2rzmax. = 10.9·10-3 m)) linear dimensions that have a density ρz = 1.15; 1.25; 1.35 and 1.45·103 kg/m3. Drop occurs on the surface of the water (ρzh = 1.0·103 kg/m3) and the aqueous solution of the etchant (ρzh = 1.03; 1.06; 1.09; 1.12 and 1.15·103 kg/m3), with Corresponding coefficients σ of surface tension (0.0727; 0.0755; 0.0771; 0.0786; 0.0801, 0.0816 N/m) and hydrodynamic drag coefficients c = 0.4 (0.5 for ρzh = 1.12·103 and 1.15·103 kg/m3). The process of dressing grain is considered at a temperature of 20 °C. It was established that the minimum drop height h to overcome the surface tension of the dressing solution with all spherical grains should be 15.5·10-3 m

Immersion of grains in a liquid along an inclined plane

Grain material delivered from combine harvesters to post-harvest processing points is a mixture of grain, weed and harmful impurities. Toxic ergot sclerotia are among the harmful impurities. Modern grain cleaning machines do not provide the separation of toxic ergot from grain material in one technological process. This is due to the closeness of the most toxic of ergot sclerotia and the of the grain. Ergot sclerotia are less dense than grain. Then the release of ergot from grain in one technological process is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. To develop a device for cleaning grain material by density in a liquid, practical experiments were carried out to supply grains of winter rye varieties Falenskaya 4 with a moisture content of 14% to an inclined plate placed in water. This plate mimicked the sloping bottom of an ergot seed separator. The statistical results of the experiments are presented by the distributions of the proportion of immersion of winter rye grains in water (ρzh = 1000 kg/m3) over the surface of the inclined plate from the angle α of its inclination to the horizon. It has been established that 100% immersion of the grains in water occurs at an angle of inclination of the plate of 60°. When developing a machine for the extraction of ergot from rye grain, the angle of inclination of the bath bottom must be taken at least 65° to the horizon for guaranteed immersion of grains in an aqueous solution of salt