41 research outputs found

    The delimitation of \u3cem\u3eFlammulina Fennae\u3c/em\u3e

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    Multivariate morphometric analyses of micromorphological characters measured on 35 specimens of Flammulina fennae and related species show that only a combination of spore dimensions and ixohyphidia characters are suitable for delimitation of this species. In order to confirm species identifications based on micromorphology, ribosomal ITS DNA sequences were obtained and compared with those previously deposited in GenBank, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using an ITS dataset of all known Flammulina species. All six specimens morphologically determined as F. fennae were identified by molecular data. Two of twelve specimens morphologically assigned to F. velutipes had F. elastica sequences. One ITS sequence of F. velutipes appears to be a hybrid: the ITS1 region is homologous to F. velutipes and ITS2 is homologous to another Flammulina species, F. rossica. Variability of morphocharacters observed for F. fennae and related species is discussed and compared with the data from previous studies. A key is provided to European taxa of the genus Flammulina together with a full description of F. fennae

    Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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    Chlazení sochorů po valcování

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    Design and Construction of Metrological Equipment for Torque Sensors with a Carbon-based Measuring Arm

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    The paper presents a comprehensive design of metrological equipment for torque sensor verification and calibration, detailing the process from conception to construction and highlighting the specifics of the structural design to meet metrological requirements. The measuring device’s functionality and the individual structural components are described, as is the methodology for creating a complete product. The paper addresses the crucial issue of measurement uncertainty and the required accuracy, achieved through the construction of a special measuring arm made of carbon material. FEM analyses of the carbon arm are presented and compared with the required metrological accuracies. In addition, we discuss the different properties of various carbon structures in Pre-preg materials used in the construction of the measuring arm and present the results of measurements on such carbon materials. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the design and construction of metrological equipment for torque sensors, with a focus on its compliance with metrological requirements. The proposed device aims to establish the foundations for primary metrology of torque in Slovakia and has potential applications in a wide range of industries

    Methodological Approach in the Simulation of the Robustness Boundaries of Tribosystems under the Conditions of Boundary Lubrication

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    In the presented work, a methodical approach was developed for determining rational operation modes of tribosystems, taking into account their design. This approach makes it possible in the designing stage, according to the predicted operating modes, to calculate the limits and margins of stable work in operation. The definition of the robustness of the tribosystem and the criteria for assessing the robustness are formulated based on the theory of stability of technical systems. It is shown that such a methodical approach allows for determining the modes of the rational operation of the designed structures without damaging the friction surfaces. Experimental studies have proven that not all designs of tribosystems lose stability due to the appearance of friction surface burrs. There are designs where the loss of stability occurs upon the appearance of accelerated wear. The developed criteria take into account two options for the loss of stability. An experimental verification of the modes of loss of stability of tribosystems was performed by the appearance of a burr or the beginning of accelerated wear with the calculated values of the robustness criteria. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the modeling error is within 8.3–18.7%, which is a satisfactory result in the study of friction and wear processes. Robustness criteria is based on the coefficient of friction RRf and wear rate RRI, and must be used when designing new constructions of tribosystems. Theoretical calculations of such criteria and the dependence of their change on changing the predicted operating modes will allow for justifying rational operating modes within their stability
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