Research of influence of geomechanical factors and development of methods of increasing rock outcrop stability of drift excavation

The questions of influence of geomechanical factors on rock outcrop stability in the working zone of excavations at their carrying out moment are examined. Methods, which allow increasing their steadiness, are numerate

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Experimental substantiation of the parameters of metal underground leaching

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to expand the scope of technology with underground leaching of metals in blocks, as a condition of satisfying natural growing needs of industry for raw materials. The main aim of the research is to substantiate technical ability and economic feasibility of metal extraction from stockpiles, mainly polymetallic ores, non-conforming to traditional technologies for metal production, but suitable for application of innovative technologies of field development. Research methods: semi-industrial tests in underground mining and laboratory researches in percolators with data processing based on multiple regression and correlation analysis and implementation of algorithms for interpretation of the experimental results, analysis of best achievements according to practice, the patent data and publications. Results. The authors have determined new patterns of technological processes of metal extraction from ores by underground leaching. It is proved that the comprehensive improvement of technological processes of development system with underground leaching allows the new technology to compete with the conventional one, especially in the cases where traditional technologies are limited by the capabilities of today's technologies for processing metal ores. Conclusions. The technology with metal underground leaching from rock ore is not a sufficiently used reserve for increasing metal production, first of all scarce and rare, including off-grade ores. The results of pilot tests of technological processes of underground leaching and theoretical calculations reveal sufficient correlation of practice and theory that indicates the possibility of controlling the course of obtaining metals with the adjustment of technology in the course of its development. Underground leaching of poor and off-balance ores will be developed as stocks in convenient regions of the Earth in the near future satisfying both economic and environmental components of mining humanization

Experimental substantiation of the parameters of metal underground leaching

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to expand the scope of technology with underground leaching of metals in blocks, as a condition of satisfying natural growing needs of industry for raw materials. The main aim of the research is to substantiate technical ability and economic feasibility of metal extraction from stockpiles, mainly polymetallic ores, non-conforming to traditional technologies for metal production, but suitable for application of innovative technologies of field development. Research methods: semi-industrial tests in underground mining and laboratory researches in percolators with data processing based on multiple regression and correlation analysis and implementation of algorithms for interpretation of the experimental results, analysis of best achievements according to practice, the patent data and publications. Results. The authors have determined new patterns of technological processes of metal extraction from ores by underground leaching. It is proved that the comprehensive improvement of technological processes of development system with underground leaching allows the new technology to compete with the conventional one, especially in the cases where traditional technologies are limited by the capabilities of today's technologies for processing metal ores. Conclusions. The technology with metal underground leaching from rock ore is not a sufficiently used reserve for increasing metal production, first of all scarce and rare, including off-grade ores. The results of pilot tests of technological processes of underground leaching and theoretical calculations reveal sufficient correlation of practice and theory that indicates the possibility of controlling the course of obtaining metals with the adjustment of technology in the course of its development. Underground leaching of poor and off-balance ores will be developed as stocks in convenient regions of the Earth in the near future satisfying both economic and environmental components of mining humanization

Experimental substantiation of the parameters of metal underground leaching

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью расширения области применения технологии с подземным выщелачиванием металлов в блоках, как условия удовлетворения закономерно возрастающей потребности промышленности в сырье. Цель работы: обоснование технической возможности и экономической целесообразности извлечения металлов из запасов, преимущественно полиметаллических руд, некондиционных для традиционной технологии получения металлов, но пригодных для применения инновационных технологий разработки месторождений. Методы исследования: полупромышленные испытания на рудниках подземной добычи и лабораторные исследования в перколяторах с обработкой данных на основе множественного регрессионного и корреляционного анализа с реализацией алгоритмов, интерпретация результатов опытов, достижений практики, патентных данных и публикаций. Результаты. Выявлены новые закономерности технологических процессов извлечения металлов из руд подземным выщелачиванием. Доказано, что комплексное совершенствование технологических процессов системы разработки с подземным выщелачиванием позволяет новой технологии конкурировать с традиционной технологией, особенно в тех случаях, когда методы традиционной технологии ограничиваются возможностями сегодняшних технологий переработки металлических руд. Выводы. Технология с подземным выщелачиванием металлов из скальных руд является еще недостаточно используемым резервом увеличения производства металлов, в первую очередь дефицитных и редких, в том числе из некондиционных руд. Результаты полупромышленных исследований технологических процессов подземного выщелачивания и теоретических расчетов обнаруживают достаточную корреляцию практики и теории, что свидетельствует о возможности управления ходом получения металлов с корректировкой технологии в ходе ее освоения. Подземное выщелачивание бедных и забалансовых руд получит развитие по мере исчерпания запасов в удобных для эксплуатации регионах Земли в ближайшей исторической перспективе, как технология, удовлетворяющая одновременно и экономической и экологической компонентам гуманизации горного производства.The relevance of the research is caused by the need to expand the scope of technology with underground leaching of metals in blocks, as a condition of satisfying natural growing needs of industry for raw materials. The main aim of the research is to substantiate technical ability and economic feasibility of metal extraction from stockpiles, mainly polymetallic ores, non-conforming to traditional technologies for metal production, but suitable for application of innovative technologies of field development. Research methods: semi-industrial tests in underground mining and laboratory researches in percolators with data processing based on multiple regression and correlation analysis and implementation of algorithms for interpretation of the experimental results, analysis of best achievements according to practice, the patent data and publications. Results. The authors have determined new patterns of technological processes of metal extraction from ores by underground leaching. It is proved that the comprehensive improvement of technological processes of development system with underground leaching allows the new technology to compete with the conventional one, especially in the cases where traditional technologies are limited by the capabilities of today's technologies for processing metal ores. Conclusions. The technology with metal underground leaching from rock ore is not a sufficiently used reserve for increasing metal production, first of all scarce and rare, including off-grade ores. The results of pilot tests of technological processes of underground leaching and theoretical calculations reveal sufficient correlation of practice and theory that indicates the possibility of controlling the course of obtaining metals with the adjustment of technology in the course of its development. Underground leaching of poor and off-balance ores will be developed as stocks in convenient regions of the Earth in the near future satisfying both economic and environmental components of mining humanization

Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure

BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)