Modern strategies for the creation of polymer coatings. Part II

Introduction. Coatings on hard materials are widely used in many industries. Coating technologies help prevent or reduce corrosion, contamination and biofouling, chemical and structural degradation, and wear and tear of external surfaces due to exposure to the elements and natural environments. The range of materials used for functional coatings is wide enough: from organic polymers to hybrid composites and inorganic nanoparticles, depending on the desired properties and functionality of the final product. Despite the excellent anti-corrosion characteristics of non-polymer coatings, their usage causes environmental damage. Organic coatings are among the most widely used. Such compositions are applied in liquid form; organic solvents are one of the major components. Environmental concerns have encouraged the development of alternative technologies. The main areas for development are availability of raw materials and the cost of environmentally friendly coatings. Results and discussion. The review substantiates the relevance of research on the development of multifunctional polymer-based coatings. The market for polymer coatings is presented. Methods of surface protection, types of coatings formed, their main components, features of the formation of coatings, the influence of various factors on the formation of polymer coatings, including methods of preparation and pre-treatment of the protected surface are presented. Methods for preventing corrosion are discussed in detail, as well as the primary lines in the development of anti-corrosion coatings based on various protective mechanisms. The characteristics of the main components of protective coatings are given. The issue of destruction of polymer coatings depending on the operating environment is considered in detail. The types of media, their influence and mechanisms of action on protected objects are considered. Factors and mechanisms of destruction of polymer coatings, methods for preventing degradation of coatings are listed. The latest technologies for the formation of protective polymer coatings are highlighted. Conclusion. Currently, coatings provide a wide range of quality indicators. An important characteristic of modern coatings is minimal negative impact on the environment, which requires an integrated approach to the design and production of coating

Metabolic syndrome components and vitamin D availability relationship in late postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is currently a real threat due to association with major chronic non-communicable diseases. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia contribute significantly to cardiometabolic risk in late postmenopausal women.AIM: to assess the frequency of deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D in late postmenopausal residents of Yekaterinburg; to establish associations of 25(OH)D serum concentration with components of metabolic syndrome and severity of menopausal symptoms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from October 2018 to March 2020 145 independently living late postmenopausal residents of Yekaterinburg were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The following scope of data regarding each of the subjects was collected: complaints and anamnesis, anthropometry, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, assessment of 25 (OH)D level by the ECLIA method, LDL-C, HDL-C levels, serum TG by the enzymatic colorimetric method, as well as the evaluation of the modified menopausal index.RESULTS: Adequate serum level of 25(OH)D was detected in 20.6% patients, insufficiency and deficiency were found in 33.1 and 46.2% cases, respectively. In patients with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, the most frequent metabolic syndrome components were arterial hypertension (p=0.02; OR 3.5; CI 1.2–10.6) and abdominal obesity (p=0.03; OR 2.8; CI 1.1–7.2). Vitamin D deficient subjects had significantly lower serum HDL and increased TG levels (p=0.04), compared to the adequately provided 25(OH)D patients. Vitamin D levels were not associated with the severity of menopausal symptoms in late postmenopausal women. Regular daily intake of 400–2000 IU of colecalciferol contributed to higher serum 25(OH)D level.CONCLUSION: a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women of Yekaterinburg was detected. Diagnosis and correction of vitamin D levels are necessary for timely reduction of cardiometabolic risk, primarily due to the potential pleiotropic effects of D-hormone on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Social isolation impact on lafe quality in late postmenopausal women

During the CAVID-19 pandemic, older people were socially isolated for a long time. For patients over 65 years of age, communication and interaction with society plays an important role. Taking into account the presence of chronic diseases, regular consultation with specialists is necessary. This study involved 43 late postmenopausal women. The results were evaluated according to the questionnaire data before the pandemic and after 4-8 months from the beginning of self-isolation period. Statistically significant changes in the quality of life were identified.В пандемию инфекции COVID-19 люди старшей возрастной категории длительное время находились в условиях социальной изоляции. Для пациентов старше 65 лет общение и взаимодействие с обществом играет важную роль. С учетом наличия хронических заболеваний, необходимо регулярное консультирование у специалистов. В данном исследовании приняли участие 43 женщины в поздней постменопаузе. Результаты оценивались по данным анкетирования до пандемии и через 4-8 месяцев с начала периода самоизоляции. Были выявлены статистически значимые изменения качества жизн

Assessment of the effect of isolation 2020-2021 on psychoemotional status and pharmacotherapy among late postmenopausal women

The aim of the study - to evaluate changes in psychological status, quality of life and pharmacotherapy among late postmenopausal womenЦель исследования - оценить изменения в психологическом статусе, качестве жизни и фармакотерапии у женщин в поздней постменопауз

Development of myocardial infarction in depend of the variants topographic anatomy of the blood supply to the heart

Objective: to reveal the role ot anatomical variants of coronary dominance in the localization of the infarct-dependent artery, the focus of necrosis and their interrelations. Materials and methods: The coronary angiography of 133 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Two groups were compared: patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. According to the coronary dominance of the heart, patients were divided into 3 subgroups: left-dominance (LD), right-dominance (RD) and balanced type. Results: patients with LD and myocardial inlarction commonly occurred with significant stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), mainly in the proximal part. The right coronary artery (RCA) and the posterior lateral branch were infarction-dependent arteries for patients with RD. At the low localization of the focus of necrosis, the LAD is the infarct-dependent in patients with LD and RD of coronary dominance. However, the focus of necrosis of the anterior localization among patients with LD was significantly more common in LAD stenosis in the proximal and middle segments. Among patients with RD, significant stenosis of LAD in the proximal segment and the first obtuse marginal artery (0M1) were significant causes of myocardial infarction with the focus of necrosis in the anterior localization. Lateral myocardial infarction with LD was associated with significant stenosis of the first diagonal artery (D1). Whereas RD - with OM1 and LAD in the proximal segment. Stenosis of the right coronary artery often leads to the posterior Ml. Posterior myocardial infarction wasn't identified among patients with LD type. Conclusion: we found differences in the arteries, the hemodynamically significant stenosis of which is reliably associated with the development of anterior, lateral and posterior myocardial infarction. These findings may indicate that among patients with different artery dominance there're differences in the blood supply of the anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle (and not only of the posterior wall).Цель: Выявить роль анатомических вариантов кровоснабжения миокарда в локализации инфаркт-зависимой артерии, очага некроза и их взаимоотношений. Материалы и методы: Ретроспективно проанализированы коронороангиографии 133 пациентов. Сравнивались 2 группы: пациенты с острым инфарктом миокарда (ИМ) и с нестабильной стенокардией. По типу кровоснабжения сердца пациенты разделены на З подгруппы: левовенечный (ЛТ), правовенечный (ПТ) и сбалансированный тип. Результаты: У пациентов с ЛTчаще встречается ИМ при значимом стенозе передней нисходящей артерии (ПНА), преимущественно проксимальных отделов. Правая коронарная артерия (ПКА) и задняя боковая ветвь являлись инфаркт-зависимыми артериями для пациентов с ПТ. При нижней локализации очага некроза ПНА- инфаркт-зависимая у пациентов как с ПТ, так и с ПТ кровоснабжения. Но очаг некроза передней локализации среди пациентов с ЛT достоверно чаще встречался при стенозе ПНА преимущественно в проксимальном и среднем сегментах. Среди пациентов с ПТ значимые стенозы ПНА в проксимальном сегменте и первой ветви тупого края (ВТК1) -значимые причины ИМ передней локализации. Боковой ИМ при ПТ был ассоциирован со значимым стенозом первой диагональной артерии. При ПТ - с ВТК 1 и ПНА в проксимальном сегменте. Стеноз ПКА чаще приводил к развитию заднего ИМ. Среди пациентов с левовенечным типом задний ИМ выявлен не был. Заключение: Обнаружены различия в артериях, гемодинамически значимый стеноз которых достоверно связан с развитием ИМ передней, боковой и задней локализации, что может свидетельствовать о различиях в кровоснабжении переднего и бокового отделов миокарда левого желудочка (а не только задней стенки) при левом и правом типах кровоснабжения

Clinical and autonomic features of young men with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is common among young people. External signs of connective tissue dysplasia and minor malformations are associated with somatic diseases, emotional disorders and autonomic dysfunction.Недифференцированная дисплазия соединительной ткани часто встречается у молодых людей. Внешние признаки дисплазии соединительной ткани и малые аномалии развития сочетаются с соматическими заболеваниями, психоэмоциональными нарушениями и вегетативными симптомами

Estimation of vitamin D3 contribution in cardiovascular diseases formation of postmenopausal women

The article presents the results of cross-sectional study on the assessment of the level of vitamin D3 in patients of the late postmenopausal period and its contribution to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The comparison of patients with and without arterial hypertension was made.В статье представлены результаты одномоментного исследования, посвященного оценке уровня витамина D3 у пациенток позднего постменопаузального периода и его вклад в развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Произведено сравнение пациенток, имеющих и неимеющих артериальную гипертензию

The effect of colecalciferol taking on vitamin D supply and physical functioning in late postmenopausal women

The article presents the results of cross-sectional study on the assessment of vitamin D supply and physical functioning of late postmenopausal patients, depending on the daily colecalciferol intake. The 10-year risk of FRAX osteoporotic fractures was assessedВ статье представлены результаты одномоментного исследования, посвященного оценке обеспеченности витамином D и физического функционирования пациенток позднего постменопаузального периода, в зависимости от суточного потребления колекальциферола. Оценён 10-ти летний риск остеопоротических переломов FRA

Estimation of vitamin D3 in women of late postmenopausal period with high risk of osteoporotic fractures

The article presents the results of cross-sectional study on the assessment of vitamin D3 supply in patients of the late postmenopausal period with a high 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures assessed using the FRAX tool. The contribution of vitamin D3 to the physical and mental functioning of patients was evaluated.В статье представлены результаты одномоментного исследования, посвященного оценке обеспеченности витамином D3 пациенток позднего постменопаузального периода, имеющих высокий 10-ти летний риск остеопоротических переломов, оцененных с помощью инструмента FRAX. Оценён вклад обеспеченности витамином D3 в физическое и психическое функционирование пациенток

Estimation of vitamin D3 in women of late postmenopausal period with high risk of osteoporotic fractures

The article presents the results of cross-sectional study on the assessment of vitamin D3 supply in patients of the late postmenopausal period with a high 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures assessed using the FRAX tool. The contribution of vitamin D3 to the physical and mental functioning of patients was evaluated.В статье представлены результаты одномоментного исследования, посвященного оценке обеспеченности витамином D3 пациенток позднего постменопаузального периода, имеющих высокий 10-ти летний риск остеопоротических переломов, оцененных с помощью инструмента FRAX. Оценён вклад обеспеченности витамином D3 в физическое и психическое функционирование пациенток