Catastrophic Ice-Debris Flow in the Rishiganga River, Chamoli, Uttarakhand (India)

A catastrophic flood occurred on 7 February 2021 around 10:30 AM (local time) in the Rishiganga River, which has been attributed to a rockslide in the upper reach of the Raunthi River. The Resourcesat 2 LISS IV (8 February 2021) and CNES Airbus satellite imagery (9 February 2021) clearly show the location of displaced materials. The solar radiation observed was higher than normal by 10% and 25% on 6 and 7 February 2021, respectively, however, the temperature shows up to 34% changes. These conditions are responsible for the sudden change in instability in glacier blocks causing deadly rock-ice slides that led to the collapse of the hanging glacier as a wedge failure. The displaced materials mixed with ice, snow, and debris caused catastrophic floods downstream within no time that destroyed critical infrastructure and killed human lives. The hydrodynamic modelling (HEC-RAS software) shows mean flow velocity up to 22.4 ± 8.6 m/s with an average depth of 16.3 ± 6.5 m that caused deadly devastation in the source region and along the rivers due to the flow of water in the valley

Liver Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease is associated with poor survival among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Liver Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is common in patients with post‐transplant liver dysfunction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Oftentimes, the diagnosis is made clinically, and liver biopsy is deferred. Our objective was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of liver GVHD among patients who developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Additionally, we evaluated the feasibility of liver biopsy in this population. We compared outcomes between liver GVHD and a “non‐liver GVHD” group, which consisted of other etiologies of post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Between January 2003 and December 2010, 249 patients developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction following AHSCT: 124 patients developed liver GVHD and 125 were in the “non‐liver GVHD” group. The incidence of acute and chronic liver GVHD at one year was 15.7% and 31.0%, respectively. The competing risk analysis revealed full intensity conditioning regimen (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; P = .008) and related donor (HR, 1.68; P = .004) as independent risk factors for liver GVHD. The time‐varying covariate Cox regression analysis with competing risk event, demonstrated that liver GVHD was independently associated with higher non‐relapse mortality, and adverse relapse‐free and overall survival. A total of 112 liver biopsies were performed in 100 patients. No major complications were observed. Liver biopsy confirmed prebiopsy hypotheses in 49% of cases, and led to treatment modification in 49% of patients. Our study shows that liver GVHD is associated with adverse survival. Liver biopsy is safe and often helps directing care in this setting.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151888/1/ajh25575.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151888/2/ajh25575_am.pd

Evaluation and comparison of native and recombinant LipL21 protein-based ELISAs for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis

A 21-kDa leptospiral lipoprotein (LipL21) was evaluated for its diagnostic potential to detect bovine leptospirosis by ELISA. Both native LipL21 (nLipL21) and recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) proteins were tested and compared regarding diagnostic efficiency, and no statistically significant difference was observed. The sensitivity of rLipL21 ELISA for 62 microscopic agglutination test (MAT) positive sera was 100% and the specificity with 378 MAT negative sera was 97.09%. Thus, rLipL21 protein-based ELISA could be used as an alternative to MAT for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis

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Clinical and radiographic evaluation of Nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite bone graft (Sybograf®) in combination with bioresorbable collagen membrane (Periocol®) in periodontal intrabony defects

Background: Nanosized ceramics may represent a promising class of bone graft substitutes due to their improved osseointegrative properties. Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (NcHA) bind to bone and stimulate bone healing by stimulation of osteoblast activity. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiographical outcome of NcHA bonegraft (Sybograf® ) with collagen membrane (Periocol® ), in comparison with open flap debridement (OFD), in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: A parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed to conduct the study. Eighteen intrabony defects in 14 systemically healthy patients aged between 25 to 65 years were randomly assigned to test and control group. The plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (REC) were recorded at baseline, and were reevaluated at 6 months. In addition to this, radiographic bone fill was assessed using digital software. At the test site, NcHA bone graft and collagen membrane was placed, whereas at the control site, only OFD was done. Recall appointments were made at 7 days, 30 days, and then at 3 months and 6 months. Results: The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney ′U′ Test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. In the control group, the mean reduction of PPD was 3.22±1.09 mm (P=0.007) and CAL gain was 2.77±1.09 mm (P=0.007). In the test group, the mean PPD reduction of 4.33±0.5 mm (P=0.006) and mean gain in CAL was 3.77±0.66 mm (P=0.006) at 6 months. The mean increase in REC was 0.55±0.72 mm (P=0.025) in test, and 0.44±0.52 mm (P=0.046) in control group. The mean gain in radiographic defect fill was 2.07±0.67 mm (P=0.008) in test and 0.91±0.21 mm (P=0.007) in control group. Conclusion: The nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone graft in combination with collagen membrane demonstrated clinical advantages beyond that achieved by OFD alone

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