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On a Method to Employ Newton's Rings Concept to Determine Thickness of Thin Films

Newton’s Rings experiment is traditionally utilized to find radius curvature of a lens. We propose a method in which this same set up can be used to find the thickness of thin films. The working principle is interference. It is based on the fact that, the formation of bright and dark interference fringes is a measure of the thickness of the air film at that point. We present the experimental data. The results from the experiment are in agreement with results obtained through geometry. Further, a method to improvise conventional interference at air wedge experiment which is generally used to determine the thickness of thin films is suggested

Detecting Baryon Acoustic Oscillations with third generation gravitational wave observatories

We explore the possibility of detecting Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) solely from gravitational wave observations of binary neutron star mergers with third generation (3G) gravitational wave (GW) detectors like Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope. These measurements would provide a new independent probe of cosmology. The detection of the BAO peak with current generation GW detectors (solely from GW observations) is not possible because i) unlike galaxies, the GW mergers are poorly localized and ii) there are not enough merger events to probe the BAO length scale. With the 3G GW detector network, it is possible to observe $\sim \mathcal{O}(1000)$ binary neutron star mergers per year localized well within one square degree in the sky for redshift $z \leq 0.3$. We show that 3G observatories will enable precision measurements of the BAO feature in the large-scale two-point correlation function; the effect of BAO can be independently detected at different reshifts, with a log-evidence ratio of $\sim$ 23, 17, or 3 favouring a model with a BAO peak at redshift of 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3, respectively, using a redshift bin corresponding to a shell of thickness $150 h^{-1}$ Mpc.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, matches the accepted versio

Detecting Baryon Acoustic Oscillations with Third-generation Gravitational Wave Observatories

We explore the possibility of detecting baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) solely from gravitational wave (GW) observations of binary neutron star mergers with third-generation (3G) GW detectors such as the Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope. These measurements would provide a new independent probe of cosmology. The detection of the BAO peak with current-generation GW detectors (solely from GW observations) is not possible because i) unlike galaxies, the GW mergers are poorly localized, and ii) there are not enough merger events to probe the BAO length scale. With the 3G GW detector network, it is possible to observe 1/4 (1000) binary neutron star mergers per year that are localized well within one square degree in the sky for redshift z ≤ 0.3. We show that 3G observatories will enable precision measurements of the BAO feature in the large-scale two-point correlation function; the effect of BAO can be independently detected at different redshifts, with a log-evidence ratio of 1/423, 17, or 3, favoring a model with a BAO peak at redshift of 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3, respectively, using a redshift bin corresponding to a shell of thickness 150h -1 Mpc. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society

Voltage Controller for Variable Speed Induction Generator Using Matrix Converter

The requirement of variable frequency and variable output voltage for standalone induction generator (IG) is necessary for many applications and is efficiently fulfilled by the development of Matrix Converter connected with voltage source inverter (VSI). The VSI is used to supply the reactive power to the induction generator. The Matrix Converter and VSI are controlled by efficient Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation control algorithm and are tested for R-L load. The simulation results of MC, IG and VSI are presented and the hardware results of VSI are also presented in this paper

Genetic differentiation of growth parameters in Brassica species

Fourteen collections from the Brassica species, B.Juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata and B. campestris showed substantial variability for growth parameters including vegetative (VPD) and reproductive phase (RPD) duration. In general, seed yield in all maturity groups was associated with growth parameters, particularly, VPD, RPD and flowering phase duration, for example, high yielders in the early maturity group and 60-75 days of VPD and 38-40 days of RPD. In contrast, those in the late maturity group had more than 100 days of VPD and relatively short, but varying RPD of 25-50 days. In the medium maturity group, high yields were often found to be associated with relatively long RPD. The yields of B. napus and B. carinata could be improved by shortening total crop duration and increasing RPD. Selection for optimal vegetative phase durations in the progeny of inter-specific hybrids could further improve the yields In Brassica

Genetic variability for plant type traits in Brassica species

Four species of Brassica viz., Brassica juncea, B. napus, B. carinata and B. campestris were evaluated over two years for plant type traits including basal branching. In B. juncea there was greater variation for plant height but not for seed yield. It was only next to B. campestris followed by B. napus for variation in basal branching trait. While, in B. campestris there was no genetic variation for basal branching trait, but it showed greater variation for days to flowering, total number of primary and secondary branches

On a Method to Employ Newton's Rings Concept to Determine Thickness of Thin Films

Newton’s Rings experiment is traditionally utilized to find radius curvature of a lens. We propose a method in which this same set up can be used to find the thickness of thin films. The working principle is interference. It is based on the fact that, the formation of bright and dark interference fringes is a measure of the thickness of the air film at that point. We present the experimental data. The results from the experiment are in agreement with results obtained through geometry. Further, a method to improvise conventional interference at air wedge experiment which is generally used to determine the thickness of thin films is suggeste

Smash Guard: A Hardware Solution to Prevent Security Attacks on the Function Return Address

A buffer overflow attack is perhaps the most common attack used to compromise the security of a host. A buffer overflow can be used to change the function return address and redirect execution to execute the attacker\u27s code. We present a hardware-based solution, called SmashGuard, to protecting the return addresses stored on the program stack. SmashGuard protects against all known forms of attack on the function return address pointer. With each function call instruction a new return address is pushed onto an extra hardware stack. A return instruction compares its return address to the address from the top of the hardware stack. If a mismatch is detected, then an exception is raised. Because the stack operations and checks are done in hardware, and in parallel with the usual execution of call and return instructions, our bestperforming implementation scheme has virtually no performance overhead. While previous software-based approaches\u27 average performance degradation for the SPEC2000 benchmarks is only 2.8%, their worst-case degradation is up to 8.3%. Apart from the lack of robustness in performance, the software approaches\u27 key disadvantages are less security coverage and the need for recompilation of applications. SmashGuard, on the other hand, is secure and does not require recompilation, though the OS needs to be modified to save/restore the hardware stack at context switches, and when function call nesting exceeds the hardware stack depth

Genetic potential of artificially synthesized Brassica juncea for yield improvement

A study was made to compare the potential of artificially synthesized Brassica juncea strains in inter-varietal crosses for basal branching characters and seed yield. Sixty four F3 families of synthetic x synthetic, synthetic x cultivar, and cultivar x cultivar crosses were studied and from among them thirty two superior F3 families were selected and advanced to F4 generation. Artifically synthesized materials generate more useful variability than those by usual inter-varietal crosses