Liver Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP): A Marker of Contrast Induced -Acute Kidney Injury

Background: Urinary Liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is an early biomarker for renal damage. A few studies have been published analyzing the potential use of urinary Liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) as a biomarker for acute kidney injury. However no study has been done related to Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration. Aim: To search for new markers to identify Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine. Material and Methods: We studied 100 consecutive patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing angiographic procedure. We assessed urinary liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) levels at basal, 2h 4h, 12h, 24 h and 48 hours after the angiographic procedure. Serum creatinine was measured at basal, 24h and 48 hours after the procedure. Results: There was a significant rise in urinary L-FABP levels at 12 hours after the angiographic procedure. The presence of contrast induced nephropathy associated with acute Kidney Injury was 9%. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of urinary L-FABP in detecting Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration earlier than Serum creatinine. Keywords: Liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP).   Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)

Kidney injury molecule-1 and its diagnostic ability in various clinical conditions

Objectives: This review evaluates the diagnostic ability of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (Kim-1) in various clinical conditions.  Methods: We screened literature in electronic database from January 2016 to March 2016 by the words “Kidney Injury Molecule-1”or “Kim-1” and “Acute Kidney Injury”. Specific studies were selected for inclusion if they were published in English journals, in which Kim-1 was measured for diagnosis of various forms of Acute Kidney Injury in different articles.  Results: There were eight articles which met the selection criteria for inclusion in our study. Compared to non acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, Kim-1 raised significantly in different forms of AKI patients. Conclusions: Kidney Injury Molecule-1 is a new emerging urinary biomarker in the early detection of acute kidney injury and repair of kidney cells as well. Kim-1 can detect acute tubular necrosis, a useful marker for renal proximal tubular injury and it can restore morphological integration of kidney cells followed by ischemic injury. Kim-1 can detect nephrotoxic injury and injury caused by various drugs as well. Keywords: Kidney injury Molecule, Acute Kidney Injur

Kidney injury molecule-1: a urinary biomarker for contrast induced acute kidney injury.

Back ground: Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is early biomarker for renal damage. A few studies have been published analyzing the potential use of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a biomarker for acute kidney injury. However no study has been done related to Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration. Aim: To search for new markers to identify Acute Kidney Injury (ARF) associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine. Material and Methods: We studied 100 consecutive patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing angiographic procedure. We assessed urine KIM-1, at 4h, 8h, and 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. Serum creatinine was measured at basal, 24h and 48 hours after the procedure. Results: There was a significant rise in urinary KIM-1 levels at 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. The presence of contrast induced nephropathy associated with acute Kidney Injury was 12%. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of urinary KIM-1 in detecting Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration earlier than Serum creatinine. Key words: Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Cystatin C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1)

Impact of cosmetics and self confidence level among women

Numerous Indian ladies experience the ill effects of poor self-perception and low self-assurance. Wearing cosmetics is something they can do to rapidly and briefly change their appearance, in this manner expecting certainty. Most of research on ladies and their confidence have truly been identified with how they feel about their body shape and size. In any case, very little consideration has been given to a specific population, but movie ladies can make to improve their fearlessness applying beauty care products. Utilizing distinctive items and hues, ladies can utilize cosmetics to investigate and depict their very own uniqueness. Ladies of adolescent in explicit appearance practice to recognize day and night looks, basic looks and searches for unique events. They are regularly observed as an approach to upgrade ladylike excellence beliefs and serve to assist ladies with conforming to our general public's magnificence desires. Shift with respect to body estimate, skin composition, hair length and shading and the utilization of embellishments. Numerous ladies may wear cosmetics with the conviction that it will decidedly influence their dimension of physical engaging quality. Cosmetics hold the likelihood for a lady to by and by change herself, bringing about an expansion in self-assurance. A young lady's underlying experimentation with beauty care products is in early immaturity towards building up a ladylike character. This review is to evaluate the present status of cosmetics on women confidence.  Beauty care products are frequently an apparatus utilized for social self-introduction and mental self-view the executives. Pre-adult and school age young ladies wearing make-up is halfway because of their anxiety for their appearance and how they feel about themselves when others take a gander at their flawed skin. Such utilization of facial beautifying agents may support a lady's feeling of trust in her appearance, in this manner making her increasingly confident thought that certainty is accomplished when physical appearance coordinates the circumstance

A Comparative Assessment of Petroff’s and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine- Sodium Hydroxide Method in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) stays one of the deadliest communicable disease and responsible for almost two million deaths every year worldwide. The objective of the present study is to compare Petroff’s and N-acetyl-L cysteine- sodium hydroxide methods used for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This present study was conducted in the department of ST John’s Medical college and Hospital, Bangalore, from October 2011 to September 2012. Total 100 sputum specimen was collected from patients under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) Guidelines. These samples were decontaminated with Petroff’s and NALC- NaOH Method and same were processed for L J culturing and incubated at 37˚C. As per result analysis, out of total 100 sputum sample, 64 % smears were positive by petroff’’s methods and 69 % smears were positive by NALC - NAOH methods. The positivity rate was increased by NALC – NAOH method. All samples were cultured on LJ medium for bacterial growth. A maximum number of cultures were positive by NALC – NAOH method (53 %) and Petroff”smethod (51 %). This study concludes that NALC-NaOH method is effective and provides valid and rapid results. This method can be used for routine diagnosis and for better sensitivity of Mycobacterium growth. There is further multicentric research is required in respect of targeting larger population for better effective outcomes. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Petroff’s, NALC- NaOH Method, Sputum, L J Cultur

GUT MICROBIOTA AND DIABETES MELLITUS - AN INTERLINKAGE

  In recent years, the curiosity to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes development has increased. Evidence from previous studies suggests that gut microbiota manipulation may assure to prevent diabetes development in future, primarily in susceptible individuals. Here, we reviewed special gut microbiota types proposing development of Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and laboratory animals. The available data we found are still inconclusive and required more attention in discriminating specific groups of gut microbiomes strongly indicating T1D and T2D development or prevention. Further, we suggested for the first time to study the gut microbiota in different ways to find the root cause of diabetes development

Three cardiac biomarkers and their efficacy: A review

Objectives: This study belongs to the overview of three versatile cardiac biomarkers for specific diagnosis and prognosis in cardiac patients. Methods: A search performed in different search sites such as Web of Science, Pub Med, and Google scholar searches for relevant studies from 2015 to 2022. Search names included were “heart disease,” “cardiac troponin,” “acute coronary disease,” “coronary artery disease,” “new biomarker,” “non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome,” etc. Studies were included if they were prospective, retrospective, randomized controlled trials or reviews. Findings: Troponin I &T along with CPK-MB can increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when used collectively in the diagnosis of Myocardial infarction either acute or chronic conditions. These cardiac versatile biomarkers can diagnose re-infarct also with serial testing. Whereas sensitivity and specificity of Troponins I &T ranges from 84 to 96 and 80 to 95% respectively. When all three cardiac markers were combined, sensitivity and specificity will reach up to approximately 100%. Novelty/ Improvement: This article provides the best available three versatile specific cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and reinfarction with about 100% accuracy. Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Myocardial Infarction (MI), Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP)

Kidney injury molecule-1: A urinary biomarker for contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Background: Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is an early biomarker for renal damage. A few studies have been published analyzing the potential use of urinary KIM-1 as a biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, no study has been done related to AKI associated with contrast administration. Aim: To search for new markers to identify AKI associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine. Materials and Methods: We studied 100 consecutive patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing angiographic procedure. We assessed urine KIM-1, at 4, 8, and 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. Serum creatinine was measured at basal, 24, and 48 hours after the procedure. Results: There was a significant rise in urinary KIM-1 levels at 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. The presence of contrast induced nephropathy associated with AKI was 12%. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of urinary KIM-1 in detecting AKI associated with contrast administration earlier than Serum creatinine

Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of new markers for acute kidney injury associated with contrast administration

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a form of acute kidney injury (AKI) that is caused by exposure to contrast media in diagnostic imaging and interventional procedures such as angiography. At present serum creatinine is the only standard test for it. A few studies have been published analyzing the potential use of neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in AKI. Aim: The aim of this study is to search for new markers to identify AKI acute renal failure earlier than serum creatinine. Materials and Methods: We studied 100 consecutive patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing angiographic procedure against Urine NGAL, serum NGAL, serum Cystatin C and urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18) at basal, and 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the angiography. Results: There was a significant rise in serum NGAL levels at 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after angiography and in urinary NGAL levels at 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after the procedure. Cystatin C rose significantly at 8 h and 24 h after the procedure, On the other hand, there was mild rise in urinary Il-18 levels at 24 h, but not significant. The presence of CIN associated with AKI was 13%. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of serum NGAL, urine NGAL and Cystatin C in detecting AKI associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine