Position Based Coding Scheme and Huffman Coding in JPEG2000: An Experimental analysis

Abstract-The paper compares the novel method of position based coding scheme introduced recently by the authors with Huffman coding results. The results show that Position Based Coding Scheme (PBCS) is superior in terms of image compression ratio and PSNR. In PBCS, by identifying the unique elements and by reducing redundancies the coding has been performed. The results of JPEG2000 image compression with Huffman coding and the JPEG2000 based on PBCS are then compared. The results show that the PBCS has better compression ratio with higher PSNR and better image quality. The study, which can be considered as a logical extension of the image transformation matrix, applies statistical tools to achieve the novel coding scheme as a direct extension to wavelet based image compression. The coding scheme can highly economise the bandwidth without compromising on picture quality; invariant to the existing compression standards and lossy as well as lossless compressions which offers possibility for wide ranging applications

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Not AvailableNitrogen (N) plays an important role in plant growth, development and also one of the major factor for developing a high-yielding rice cultivars. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants is a complex phenomenon that depends on a number of internal and external factors, which include soil N availability, its uptake and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen. An increased awareness of the regulatory mechanisms controlling Nitrogen economy is imperative to enhance nitrogen uptake and use efficiency so as to reduce excessive input of fertilizers, while maintaining an acceptable yield. The physiological, biochemical, molecular aspects like QTL, mi RNA technology and transgenic approaches as well as NUE can be targeted to improve rice productivity. Yield being complex and multigenic trait linkages between carbon and nitrogen pathways are essential. An attempt on complex interactions between the two major physiological pathways linked by photosynthesis and photorespiration in global climate change for enhancing NUE in relation to rice yield was reviewed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on growth, development and yield of Upland, IRHTN, DRR and other released rice groups. Six varieties from each group, a total of 18 genotypes were planted in randomized complete block design during dry (2011) and wet (2012) seasons with three replications at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad. Group responses to the N-stress (N0; native nitrogen) and recommended nitrogen (N100; 100 kg N ha-1) for physiological, morphological and yield attributes were recorded. The average leaf rolling time was found 75.4% increased with N-100 in IRHTN group over N-0 in the same group and also found higher among the groups. Leaf temperature, SPAD was noticed higher in DRR and other released group with N-100. The highest plant height was observed in Upland group only, while number of tillers, effective booting tillers (EBT), filled grain weight and total dry matter (TDM), harvest index (HI), total nitrogen content (straw + grain) were found increased with N-100 in DRR and other released group.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on growth, development and yield of Upland, IRHTN, DRR and other released rice groups. Six varieties from each group, a total of 18 genotypes were planted in randomized complete block design during dry (2011) and wet (2012) seasons with three replications at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad. Group responses to the N-stress (N0; native nitrogen) and recommended nitrogen (N100; 100 kg N ha-1) for physiological, morphological and yield attributes were recorded. The average leaf rolling time was found 75.4% increased with N-100 in IRHTN group over N-0 in the same group and also found higher among the groups. Leaf temperature, SPAD was noticed higher in DRR and other released group with N-100. The highest plant height was observed in Upland group only, while number of tillers, effective booting tillers (EBT), filled grain weight and total dry matter (TDM), harvest index (HI), total nitrogen content (straw + grain) were found increased with N-100 in DRR and other released group.Not Availabl