UWB Slotted Circular Disc Monopole Antenna with Inverted U Shaped Defected Ground Plane for Brain Cancer Detection

In this paper the new design of UWB inscribed slotted circular disc monopole antenna  is used in the detection of brain cancer is presented. The proposed antenna design  consists of circular patch and the bandwidth is increased to cover the UWB frequency range of 3.2 GHZ to 10.6GHZ by embedding  square shaped slot cut at the centre and a  pair of inverted U shaped cut in the  ground plane which gives a defected ground structure that provides the fractional bandwidth  more than 110%[3.2 -10.6GHZ]. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated for brain cancer detection. FR4 substrate is used with printed circular monopole radius of 15mm and with finite ground plane of (60mm x 50mm). It is designed with thick substrate with the  thickness of h=1.6mm and high dielectric constant of εr=4.4. The voltage standing wave ratio is of (1-1.5). The proposed antenna design provides minimum return loss, better fractional bandwidth, satisfactorily radiation pattern

Comparison of brake reaction time in younger and older drivers

Background: Reaction time (RT) is the time taken for an individual to respond to a stimulus. Brake reaction time is the time taken for the driver to visualize an object and to press the brake pedal. BRT should be assessed in drivers for analysing their speed of mental processing and physical response. Objective of the study is to assess the BRT in male drivers and compare BRT between younger and older drivers.Methods: Male drivers between age groups of 18-65 years were included. Study is conducted in a stationary car. An in-house built; vehicle braking reaction timer is fixed to the electric circuit of the braking system in the car. The device is connected with laptop. The subject is instructed to press the brake pedal when the light changed.Results: The correlation between BRT and age was found to be negative in less than 55 years age group, the R value is found to be -0.094. Above the age group of 55 years there was a positive correlation, the R value was found to be +0.458.Conclusions: The decrease in BRT in <55 years age group could be due to the experience/training, which has increased the driving skills and speed of processing

Structure of YraM, a protein essential for growth of Haemophilus influenzae

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is an obligate human parasite that often causes middle ear infections in children and exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. There are no effective vaccines available for this strain. The lipoprotein YraM (gene HI1655) was identified as essential for the growth and viability of H. influenzae but its function is unknown. Sequence comparisons showed that YraM is a fusion of two protein modules. We grew crystals of the carboxyl-terminal module of YraM comprising residues 257–573 (YraM-C), phased the diffraction data by the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction technique, and refined the model to a crystallographic R -factor of 0.16 ( R free = 0.19) with data to 1.35 Å resolution. The two-domain structure of YraM-C adopts a fold similar to that observed for the open, unliganded forms of several periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) involved in bacterial active transport. Sequence alignments of YraM homologues from other Gram-negative species showed that the most conserved residues of YraM-C cluster between the two domains in the location where other PBPs bind their cognate ligand. Modeling of YraM-C into a closed conformation similar to the leucine-bound form of the Leu/Ile/Val-binding protein (LIVBP) shows a putative binding pocket larger than the leucine-binding site in LIVBP. The pocket has both polar and nonpolar surfaces, with the latter located in the same area where a leucine side chain binds to LIVBP. We discuss possible biological functions of YraM considering its predicted location in the outer membrane, a novel place for such a binding protein. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60983/1/22033_ftp.pd

Crystal structures of the amino‐terminal domain of LpoA from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149213/1/ayf2rf5018.pd

ENZYME PRODUCTION ABILITY BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS - A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: B.subtilis and B.licheniformis have been reported as one of the potential protease producer. Hence, an attempt has been made to optimize and compare the enzyme production by entrapment and fermentor conditions. Methods: Growth profile of both the strains has been studied. Optimization of culture conditions with respect to pH, temperature, agitation, carbon, nitrogen sources and metals has also been analyzed. Immobilization studies have been conducted for the strains. Enzyme production ability in fermentor has been premeditated. Results: Growth profile for both the strains was found to be similar. Strains were optimized for maximal enzyme production. Fermentation has yielded higher production of enzyme (8080 U/ml) compared to immobilization (850 U/ml). Conclusion: B.subtilis was more stable in enzyme production with immobilization and fermentation when compared to B.licheniformis.Keywords: B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, Immobilization, Fermentatio

Fuzzy Semi-S-irresolute Continuous Mappings in Šostak’s Fuzzy Topological Spaces

In this paper, the concepts of fuzzy semi-S-irresolute open map, fuzzy semi-S-irresolute closed map and fuzzy semi-S-irresolute homeomorphism to the fuzzy topological spaces in Šostak’s sense are introduced and studied. Some of their characteristic properties are considered. Also a comparison between these new types of functions are established by giving examples