Energy Efficient Clustered Routing Strategy For WSN

Wireless sensor network alludes in the route of a group of spatially dedicated sensors for screening, accumulating the normal information in distant zones and sending the gathered knowledge to a central region. In past a few methodologies that cut back the vitality utilization by actualizing efficient steering conventions had been presented. Every sensor hub detects learning and transmits it to its bunch head. Bunch head mix information from its group and transmit the gathered learning to the base station. A few vitality sparing gradable directing conventions are upheld inside the past like LEACH, HEED, PEGASIS, and TBC. TBC (Tree-based for the most part Clustering) convention is another change over HEED convention that executes intra-bunch correspondence to downsize vitality utilization. each bunch head go about as the root hub of the tree and every sensor hub transmit information to close hub that lies on the on account of the root hub. This convention circulates the vitality stack over all part hubs and thusly adjusts the general vitality utilization of the system. To draw out the system life, this work executes another tree-based bunch steering technique called Tree-Based Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol (TBEEC) (TBEEC). Amid this work, the hub having the lesser separation to the base station and preferable vitality over the contrary hubs of the bunch is hoisted as the group set out toward aspherical. All hubs of group forward their insight to the bunch head by exploitation elective halfway hubs that lie on the on account of the bunch head. Further, amid this work between bunch correspondence is authorized to downsize the vitality utilization. Each group head as opposed to sending blend information on to the base station appearance for halfway bunch head that untruths nearly the base station. This form information must go at the lesser separation that finishes in vitality sparing that delays the system life. The arranged convention beats the confinement of existing TBC convention. The reproduction comes about demonstrate that the arranged convention performs higher than the predominant directing conventions like LEACH, HEED, PEGASIS, and TBC

Enhanced Transmission and Receiver Diversity in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Systems using Blind Channel Estimation

This paper deals with the blind channel estimation technique in OFDM system with receiver diversity to analyze the bit error rate with respect to the number of symbols. The paper clearly brings out the advantage that is being offered by the use of Blind channel estimation technique in terms of SNR requirements. Also a comparative study has been made for the analysis of BER variation with the amount i.e. number of symbols being transmitted. The work also explores the possibility of obtaining an optimum value of number of receivers that may lead to desired BER for threshold value of SNR in an OFDM system

AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF LEUCORRHOEA: SWETA PRADARA

Gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive system literally means the science of women. Woman has a unique existence in the universe created by the God. Womens health is the pivot not only for the healthy and happy status for her family, rather to the whole society or even to the nation at large. All women have experienced some short of vaginal discharge in her life span. White vaginal discharges along with the other symptoms like feeling of weakness, pain in the back and calves, loss of vital fluids, pruritis on and around the vulva, thighs and thigh joints etc., comes under the heading of Leucorrhoea, which is described as Sweta Pradara in Ayurvedic classics. In Samhitas all gynecological disorders comes under the headings of Yonivyapada. No any description of Sweta Pradara has been described by scholars of Brihatrayee. For abnormal white vaginal discharges, the word Sweta Pradara has been described in texts during and after medieval period

A Summative Comparison of Blind Channel Estimation Techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems

The OFDM techniquei.e. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has become prominent in wireless communication since its instruction in 1950’s due to its feature of combating the multipath fading and other losses. In an OFDM system, a large number of orthogonal, overlapping, narrow band subchannels or subcarriers, transmitted in parallel, divide the available transmission bandwidth. The separation of the subcarriers is theoretically optimal such that there is a very compact spectral utilization. This paper reviewed the possible approaches for blind channel estimation in the light of the improved performance in terms of speed of convergence and complexity. There were various researches which adopted the ways for channel estimation for Blind, Semi Blind and trained channel estimators and detectors. Various ways of channel estimation such as Subspace, iteration based, LMSE or MSE based (using statistical methods), SDR, Maximum likelihood approach, cyclostationarity, Redundancy and Cyclic prefix based. The paper reviewed all the above approaches in order to summarize the outcomes of approaches aimed at optimum performance for channel estimation in OFDM system

Nuevo marco para utilizar la minería de datos y reglas de asociación para la clasificación de la gravedad de accidentes de tráfico

Introduction: Traffic accidents are an undesirable burden on society. Every year around one million deaths and more than ten million injuries are reported due to traffic accidents. Hence, traffic accidents prevention measures must be taken to overcome the accident rate. Different countries have different geographical and environmental conditions and hence the accident factors diverge in each country. Traffic accident data analysis is very useful in revealing the factors that affect the accidents in different countries. This article was written in the year 2016 in the Institute of Technology & Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, up, India. Methology: We propose a framework to utilize association rule mining (arm) for the severity classification of traffic accidents data obtained from police records in Mujjafarnagar district, Uttarpradesh, India. Results: The results certainly reveal some hidden factors which can be applied to understand the factors behind road accidentality in this region. Conclusions: The framework enables us to find three clusters from the data set. Each cluster represents a type of accident severity, i.e. fatal, major injury and minor/no injury. The association rules exposed different factors that are associated with road accidents in each category. The information extracted provides important information which can be employed to adapt preventive measures to overcome the accident severity in Muzzafarnagar district.Introducción: los accidentes de tránsito son una carga indeseable para la sociedad. Cada año se reportan alrededor de un millón de muertes y más de diez millones de lesiones debido a accidentes de tráfico. Por lo tanto, se deben implementar medidas de prevención de accidentes de tráfico para superar la tasa de accidentalidad. Los países tienen diferentes condiciones geográficas y ambientales y, por ello, las variables que inciden varían en cada país. El análisis de los datos de accidentes de tráfico es muy útil para revelar los factores o variables que inciden en la accidentalidad en diferentes países. Este artículo fue escrito en el 2016 en el Instituto de Tecnología y Ciencia, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India. Metodología: proponemos un marco para utilizar la minería de datos y reglas de asociación (arm) para la clasificación de severidad de los datos de accidentes de tráfico obtenidos de registros policiales en eldistrito de Mujjafarnagar, Uttarpradesh, India Resultados: los resultados revelan ciertamente algunos factores ocultos que se pueden aplicar para entender las variables detrás de la accidentalidad de tráfico en esta región. Conclusiones: el marco permite establecer tres categorías en el conjunto de datos que representan el tipo de gravedad del accidente: fatal, lesiones graves, y lesiones menores o inexistentes. Las reglas de asociación expusieron diferentes factores relacionados con los accidentes de tráfico en cada categoría. Los datos extraídos proporcionan información importante que se puede emplear para adaptar las medidas preventivas para superar la gravedad de los accidentes de tráfico en el distrito de Muzzafarnagar

Assessment of Nutritional Status among Adolescent Boys (10-19 Years) of Secondary Schools in an Urban Area of District Rohtak, Haryana

Background: Census 2011 estimated that there are approximately 253 million adolescents in India, constituting about 20.9% of the total population. Adolescence is an important stage of growth and development in the lifespan of a person. Unique changes that occur in an individual during this period are accompanied by progressive achievement of biological maturity. Inadequate nutrition in adolescence can potentially retard growth and sexual maturation, although these are likely consequences of chronic malnutrition in infancy and childhood.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the service area of an urban health center, Rohtak during the months of January to March 2015. The participants involved were school going boys (10 to 19 years). The participants were classified on the basis of their health (under-nutritional status), depending upon the Z-score value (WHO growth standards, 2007) of their respective BMI.Results: A total of 649 boys participated in the study. Overall mean age of study participants was 15.5 years. The proportion of adolescents who were undernourished based on BMI Z Score came out as 36.7% (13.3% severely undernourished and 23.4% moderately undernourished). As education and health are correlated, in the present study, the mothers with higher level of education were having significantly (P = 0.017) least proportion (29.8%) of undernourished participants.Conclusion: Nutritional status of the studied children is not impressive among adolescent boys. There is a need for health promotion activities among school children by providing an enabling environment. Improving nutritional status of adolescents will go a long way in maintaining the health of the country

Hydrodynamic and Advection-Dispersion Simulation of Cool Seawater Discharges from an LNG Facility

7-14The impact of cool seawater discharge in the coastal waters from a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant has been simulated using MIKE21. In this work, hydrodynamics conditions of the coastal waters were calibrated and corroborated to predict the cool seawater discharge under two plant design scenarios by selecting flow rate 15 m3/s and 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 5 °C and 7 °C, respectively. The simulations were carried out under different scenarios, to arrive at the best possible case to minimize the potential impact on the coastal environment. Both the simulated scenarios complied with the available World Bank guidelines for LNG facilities. However, the designed scenario of flow rate 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 7 °C between inlet and outlet presents a better choice as it reduces the pumping power of seawater intake. As there are no Indian guidelines for cool seawater discharges from LNG plant, the present work can support the policymakers and regulators to formulate coherent discharge standards

Surface modification of cellulose using silane coupling agent

Recently there has been a growing interest in substituting traditional synthetic polymers with natural polymers for different applications. However, natural polymers such as cellulose suffer from few drawbacks. To become viable potential alternatives of synthetic polymers, cellulosic polymers must have comparable physico-chemical properties to that of synthetic polymers. So in the present work, cellulose polymer has been modified by a series of mercerization and silane functionalization to optimize the reaction conditions. Structural, thermal and morphological characterization of the cellulose has been done using FTIR, TGA and SEM, techniques. Surface modified cellulose polymers were further subjected to evaluation of their properties like swelling and chemical resistance behavio

RELEVANCE OF KAKOLI (ONE AMONG ASTAVARGA) IN ANCIENT AYURVEDIC TREATISE ALONG WITH ETYMOLOGY OF ITS VARIOUS SANSKRIT SYNONYMS

The knowledge about medicinally useful plants in the early age is scientifically documented, and systematically organized in Ayurveda Samhitas, Nighantus and other texts. The ancient nomenclature of Ayurvedic herbs was not only useful for their identification but also to know their medicinal values for example, Payasvinī means galactogogue, Kākolī means which contains high moisture value, Madhurā means Madhura in Rasa, etc. Moreover, our Acharyas also suggested different names of the Ayurvedic herbs based on their habits, taxonomy and uses. Though the modern science is successful in classifying the flora taxonomically, but could not reach up to the ground breaking concept of classifying plants according to their medicinal properties. Being aware of taxonomic aspects of nomenclature along with the torch of synonyms coined by ancient seers one may be able to preserve the treasury traditional medicinal knowledge. Kākolī has been mentioned as one of the Aṣṭavarga plants. Kākolī has also been documented in the various Saṁhitā and Nighaṇṭu. Description of Kākolī along with its Sanskrit synonyms, habitat and medicinal properties has also been mentioned in different Nighaṇṭu. However, due to the lack of appropriate taxonomic data, mainly three plant species i.e., Roscoea purpurea Sm., Roscoea capitata Sm. and Roscoea alpina Royle are widely accepted as Kākolī. The main objective of this study was to critically review the Sanskrita name of Kākolī described in classical Ayurvedic literature along with medicinal properties