Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network: Tool for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Pathological changes in an organ or tissue may be reflected in proteomic patterns in serum. The early detection of cancer is crucial for successful treatment. Some cancers affect the concentration of certain molecules in the blood, which allows early diagnosis by analyzing the blood mass spectrum. It is possible that exclusive serum proteomic patterns could be used to differentiate cancer samples from non-cancer ones. Several techniques have been developed for the analysis of mass-spectrum curve, and use them for the detection of prostate, ovarian, breast, bladder, pancreatic, kidney, liver, and colon cancers. In present study, we applied data mining to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and identified the most informative points of the mass-spectrum curve, then used student t-test and neural networks to determine the differences between the curves of cancer patients and healthy people. Two serum SELDI MS data sets were used in this research to identify serum proteomic patterns that distinguish the serum of ovarian cancer cases from non-cancer controls. Statistical testing and genetic algorithm-based methods are used for feature selection respectively. The results showed that (1) data mining techniques can be successfully applied to ovarian cancer detection with a reasonably high performance; (2) the discriminatory features (proteomic patterns) can be very different from one selection method to another

Nanocellulose/zero, one- and two-dimensional inorganic additive based electrodes for advanced supercapacitors

Nowadays, the growing threat of environmental pollution and the energy crisis have accelerated the advancement of sustainable energy sources and highly efficient energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors' outstanding efficiency and accessibility have attracted much interest in portable electronics. However, compared to other energy storage devices, commercially available supercapacitors offer minimal advantages, and it is also very difficult to balance their electrochemical performance, such as cyclability, energy density, and capacitance. Fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with attractive electrical parameters and flexibility depends on the composition of the electrodes. Nanocellulose, which is derived from waste biomass because of its high mechanical strength, strong chemical reactivity, and biodegradability, has been used to integrate 2D, 1D, and zero-dimensional inorganic additive materials to develop a promising material for supercapacitor electrodes. The present review summarises recent advancements in the progress of nanocellulose/2D-, 1D-, and zero-dimensional inorganic material-based composite electrodes for their application in supercapacitors. Different strategies for developing nanocellulose/inorganic additive-based composite electrodes are reviewed, and subsequently, the potential of nanocellulose/multidimensional inorganic additive-based electrodes in supercapacitors is fully elaborated. In the end, current challenges and future directions for the development finally, current challenges and future directions for developing nano cellulose-based nanocomposite electrodes in supercapacitors were also discussed.</p

Exploring the role of nanocellulose as potential sustainable material for enhanced oil recovery:New paradigm for a circular economy

Presently, due to growing global energy demand and depletion of existing oil reservoirs, oil industry is focussing on development of novel and effective ways to enhance crude oil recovery and exploration of new oil reserves, which are typically found in challenging environment and require deep drilling in high temperature and high-pressure regime. The nanocelluloses with numerous advantages such as high temperature and pressure stability, ecofriendly nature, excellent rheology modifying ability, interfacial tension reduction capability, etc., have shown a huge potential in oil recovery over conventional chemicals and macro/micro sized biopolymers-based approach. In present review, an attempt has been made to thoroughly investigate the potential of nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals/nanofibers) in development of drilling fluid and in enhancement of oil recovery. The impact of various factors such as nanocellulose shape, charge density, inter-particle or inter-fibers interactions after surface functionalization, rheometer geometries, additives, post processing techniques, etc., which provides insight into the attributes of nanocellulose suspension and exemplify their behaviour during oil recovery have also been reviewed and discussed. Finally, the conclusion and challenges in utility of nanocellulose for oilfield applications are addressed. Knowing how to adjust/quantify nanocrystals/nanofibers shape and size; and monitor their interactions might promote their utility in oilfield industry.</p

New insights into molecular links between microbiota and gastrointestinal cancers:A literature review

Despite decades of exhaustive research on cancer, questions about cancer initiation, development, recurrence, and metastasis have still not been completely answered. One of the reasons is the plethora of factors acting simultaneously in a tumour microenvironment, of which not all have garnered attention. One such factor that has long remained understudied and has only recently received due attention is the host microbiota. Our sheer-sized microbiota exists in a state of symbiosis with the body and exerts significant impact on our body&rsquo;s physiology, ranging from immune-system development and regulation to neurological and cognitive development. The presence of our microbiota is integral to our development, but a change in its composition (microbiota dysbiosis) can often lead to adverse effects, increasing the propensity of serious diseases like cancers. In the present review, we discuss environmental and genetic factors that cause changes in microbiota composition, disposing of the host towards cancer, and the molecular mechanisms (such as &beta;-catenin signalling) and biochemical pathways (like the generation of oncogenic metabolites like N-nitrosamines and hydrogen sulphide) that the microbiota uses to initiate or accelerate cancers, with emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, we discuss how microbiota can adversely influence the success of colorectal-cancer chemotherapy, and its role in tumour metastasis. We also attempted to resolve conflicting results obtained for the butyrate effect on tumour suppression in the colon, often referred to as the &lsquo;butyrate paradox&rsquo;. In addition, we suggest the development of microbiota-based biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, and a few target molecules of which the inhibition can increase the overall chances of cancer cure

Extrinsic post burn peri-anal contracture leading to sub acute intestinal obstruction: A case report

Peri-anal contracture lead to intestinal obstruction whenever there is involvement of anal orifice. In this case anus and peri-anal skin up to two cm was normal; however both gluteal folds were fused because of post burn scar leaving a very small opening which lead to faecal impaction and sub acute intestinal obstruction