Odontogenic keratocyst: A peripheral variant

Odontogenic keratocyst, which is developmental in nature, is an intraosseous lesion though on rare occasions it may occur in an extraosseous location. The extraosseous variant is referred to as peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. Though, clinically, peripheral odontogenic keratocyst resembles the gingival cyst of adults, it has histologic features that are pathognomonic of odontogenic keratocyst. This article presents a case of this uncommon entity

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationAsynchronous design has a very promising potential even though it has largely received a cold reception from industry. Part of this reluctance has been due to the necessity of custom design languages and computer aided design (CAD) flows to design, optimize, and validate asynchronous modules and systems. Next generation asynchronous flows should support modern programming languages (e.g., Verilog) and application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) CAD tools. They also have to support multifrequency designs with mixed synchronous (clocked) and asynchronous (unclocked) designs. This work presents a novel relative timing (RT) based methodology for generating multifrequency designs using synchronous CAD tools and flows. Synchronous CAD tools must be constrained for them to work with asynchronous circuits. Identification of these constraints and characterization flow to automatically derive the constraints is presented. The effect of the constraints on the designs and the way they are handled by the synchronous CAD tools are analyzed and reported in this work. The automation of the generation of asynchronous design templates and also the constraint generation is an important problem. Algorithms for automation of reset addition to asynchronous circuits and power and/or performance optimizations applied to the circuits using logical effort are explored thus filling an important hole in the automation flow. Constraints representing cyclic asynchronous circuits as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to the CAD tools is necessary for applying synchronous CAD optimizations like sizing, path delay optimizations and also using static timing analysis (STA) on these circuits. A thorough investigation for the requirements of cycle cutting while preserving timing paths is presented with an algorithm to automate the process of generating them. A large set of designs for 4 phase handshake protocol circuit implementations with early and late data validity are characterized for area, power and performance. Benchmark circuits with automated scripts to generate various configurations for better understanding of the designs are proposed and analyzed. Extension to the methodology like addition of scan insertion using automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools to add testability of datapath in bundled data asynchronous circuit implementations and timing closure approaches are also described. Energy, area, and performance of purely asynchronous circuits and circuits with mixed synchronous and asynchronous blocks are explored. Results indicate the benefits that can be derived by generating circuits with asynchronous components using this methodology

Automatic addition of reset in asynchronous sequential control circuits

pre-printAsynchronous finite state machines (AFSMs) usually require initialization to place them in a desired starting state. This normally occurs by toggling a reset signal upon power-up. This paper presents an algorithm to automatically generate power-up reset circuitry thus adding reset to an AFSM after technology mapping. This approach is independent of design methodology since it is applied to a gate netlist. The algorithm ensures all combinational cycles and primary outputs in the circuit are initialized. Options exist in reset generation to minimize the power or performance impact on the AFSM. Results are reported for applying this algorithm to designs of varying size and complexity

Interfacing synchronous and asynchronous domains for open core protocol

pre-printIntellectual property (IP) blocks are connected in a system on chip using a bus or network-on-chip (NoC). IP reuse is facilitated by the modularity that results when using common interfaces between the IP cores and the bus or NoC. This paper investigates and implements several versions of one of the common interfaces, the open core protocol (OCP). The paper addresses two new aspects of interface design. First, an approach is developed to partition the common protocol portion of the interface from the interface back-end which is specific to the particular IP. This is achieved with a component we call a domain interface at this boundary. Second, the domain interface is enhanced to synchronize between IP blocks and busses that use different clock frequencies or asynchronous (unclocked) logic. As a result IP operating at unrelated frequency and fully asynchronous (unclocked) blocks can more easily be integrated into a system. Results are reported for power, performance and area for these clocked and asynchronous implementations

A review paper on R&D efforts in assessing the traffic noise on highways

In rapidly urbanizing country like India, the transportation sector is growing in a fast pace and the number of vehicles on Indian roads is increasing at a rate of more than 7% per annum. This has led to over crowded roads and pollution. Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in urban area, which contributes 55% of total noise on highway. In view of this, it is essential to study highway noise with respect to various causative factors. Hence, various noise prediction models have been developed, throughout the world to assess its impact on to the society and the human beings. These traffic noise prediction models differ in some respects, but the overall methodology is similar. All the noise prediction models consists of evaluating basic noise levels and making series of adjustments to take into account geometric, traffic flow, barrier data etc. In this paper, noise prediction models of U.S.A. and U.K. (FHWA and CORTON) along with the research efforts on noise in Indian context has been studied and discussed

Dielectric Study of Nematic LC Built with Bent-Core Molecules

Here we report results of the study of bent-core (BC) cybotactic nematic LC by dielectric spectroscopy and electro-optic measurements. In the absence of electric field, this material is uniaxial and exhibits only one relaxation process corresponding to the fluctuations of the polar clusters. The application of the external electric field induces biaxialityandthesecondrelaxationprocessappearsinthedielectricspectra.Thisisassigned to the collective mode. Possible models for cluster transformation under electric field are discussed

Critical Role of VCP/p97 in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 is an AAA ATPase molecular chaperone that regulates vital cellular functions and protein-processing. A recent study indicated that VCP expression levels are correlated with prognosis and progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We not only verified these findings but also identified the specific role of VCP in NSCLC pathogenesis and progression.Our results show that VCP is significantly overexpressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) as compared to normal tissues and cell lines (p<0.001). Moreover, we observed the corresponding accumulation of ubiquitinated-proteins in NSCLC cell lines and tissues as compared to the normal controls. VCP inhibition by si/shRNA or small-molecule (Eeyarestatin I, EerI) significantly (p<0.05, p<0.00007) suppressed H1299 proliferation and migration but induced (p<0.00001) apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry verified this data and shows that VCP inhibition significantly (p<0.001, p<0.003) induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases. We also found that VCP directly regulates p53 and NFκB protein levels as a potential mechanism to control tumor cell proliferation and progression. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of VCP inhibition and observed significantly reduced NSCLC tumor growth in both in vitro and xenograft murine (athymic-nude) models after EerI treatment (p<0.05).Thus, targeting VCP in NSCLC may provide a novel strategy to restore p53 and NFκB levels and ameliorate the growth and tumorigenicity, leading to improved clinical outcomes

Occurrence of Five Different Orthogonal Smectic Phases in a Bent-Core (BC) Liquid Crystal

Five orthogonal smectic phases (Sm-A, Sm-Ab, Sm-APR, Sm-APAR, and Sm-APA) were observed in a 4-cyanoresorcinol bisbenzoate with twoterephthalate–based wings achiral bent-core(BC) compound. The phase behavior was investigated by polarising optical microscopy, second harmonic electro-optic response(EO2) and dielectric spectroscopy. The field dependent biaxiality of polar and non-polar Sm-A phases was studied. It is obviously of enormous scientific significance and practical interest to find five different orthogonal smectic phases in a low molecular weight bent-core (BC) compound at relatively low temperatures