Waste Heat Recovery from Metal Casting and Scrap Preheating Using Recovered Heat

AbstractIn metal casting, after solidification of the molten metal in the mold cavity, the knocked out casting has heat energy stored it and is wasted into atmosphere as the casting cools down in the shop floor. If this heat energy can be absorbed by the raw materials by a suitable arrangement, it will reduce energy consumption during melting, resulting in savings in economy and environment. This paper discusses an innovative approach to implement such a methodology. In a basic set up, when this preheating was achieved, the scrap was found to take 2.83% less energy than it would take to melt without this preheating set up. This technique has been improvised by keeping aluminum powder in between the scrap and the hot casting to have better heat recovery, resulting in an increase of heat recovery to the tune of 5.7%. When this savings are applied to global castings produced, which run into millions, the total energy and emissions saved amounts to a substantial figure. The calculations indicate energy savings as high as 419 GWh, which translates roughly to Rs 377 crores a year for Indian foundries in one year

Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Extremities and Paraspinal Muscles

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs when the pressure within the closed osteo-fascial compartment raises above perfusion pressure leading to irreversible tissue ischemia and necrosis. Any closed compartment in the body can be affected by ACS. The leg is the commonest site. Trauma is the common cause of compartment syndrome in young patients. In older patients, medical causes can cause it. The diagnosis in a conscious patient can be made based on clinical features. Pain out of proportion to the injury is the most important symptom. Exacerbation of pain on stretching the affected muscles and paresthesia are the common signs. Compartment pressure measurement is important for the diagnosis in unconscious and uncooperative patients. The treatment of established ACS is emergency fasciotomy. Untreated compartment syndrome can lead to neurovascular injuries and muscle contractures. In this chapter, we will see the etiologies, clinical features, investigations, and management of acute compartment syndrome of the extremities and the paraspinal region

Remote machine mode detection in cold forging using vibration signal

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Detection of process variation in a cold forging process through smart manufacturing

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Remote machine mode detection in cold forging using vibration signal

Detecting machine mode can allow smarter process monitoring systems and more accurate fault prediction without external information. A remote machine monitoring system was installed on a cold heading machine in the factory of an automotive fastener manufacturing company. The process monitoring system was non-intrusive and was designed to measure vibration. The end goal of the study was to predict tool wear, but part classification was required first, as the machine produced multiple parts which produced different vibration signals. The collected vibration data was processed using wavelet transform and passed through a convolutional neural network for part classification. This method achieved part classification accuracy as high as 86% when looking at data for a 1-month period. The results show that meaningful classification features are present in the data using the process monitoring system as designed.11Nscopu

Bonding interactions and stability assessment of biopolymer material prepared using type III collagen of avian intestine and anionic polysaccharides

The present study demonstrate bonding interactions between anionic polysaccharides, alginic acid (AA) and type III collagen extracted from avian intestine used for the preparation of thermally stable and biodegradable biopolymer material. Further the study describes, optimum conditions (pH, temperature and NaCl concentration) required for the formation of fibrils in type III collagen, assessment on degree of cross-linking, nature of bonding patterns, biocompatibility and biodegradability of the cross-linked biomaterial. Results revealed, the resultant biopolymer material exhibit high thermal stability with 5-6 fold increase in tensile strength compared to the plain AA and collagen materials. The degree of cross-linking was calculated as 75%. No cytotoxicity was observed for the cross-linked biopolymer material when tested with skin fibroblast cells and the material was biodegradable when treated with enzyme collagenase. With reference to bonding pattern analysis we found, AA cross-linked with type III collagen via (i) formation of covalent amide linkage between -COOH group of AA and ε-NH2 group of type-III collagen as well as (ii) intermolecular multiple hydrogen bonding between alginic acid -OH group with various amino acid functional group of type-III collagen. Comparisons were made with other cross-linking agents also. For better understanding of bonding pattern, bioinformatics analysis was carried out and discussed in detail. The results of the study emphasize, AA acts as a suitable natural crosslinker for the preparation of wound dressing biopolymer material using collagen. The tensile strength and the thermal stability further added value to the resultant biopolymer

AI-driven techniques for controlling the metal melting production: a review, processes, enabling technologies, solutions, and research challenges

Artificial Intelligence has left no stone unturned, and mechanical engineering is one of its biggest consumers. Such technological advancements in metal melting can help in process simplification, hazard reduction, human involvement reduction & lesser process time. Implementing the AI models in the melting technology will ultimately help various industries, i.e., Foundry, Architecture, Jewelry Industry, etc. This review extensively sheds light on Artificial Intelligence models implemented in metal melting processes or the metal melting aspect, alongside explaining additive manufacturing as a competitor to the current melting processes and its advances in metal melting and AI implementations

Expanding the anti-flaviviral arsenal: Discovery of a baicalein-derived Compound with potent activity against DENV and ZIKV.

10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105739ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH22