Drivers of growth and establishment of the invasive plant Rumex acetosella within Andean fallow systems

Intensification of crop rotations and associated agricultural practices are reducing the capacity of traditional fallows to restore soil fertility and provide forage in Andean cropping systems. While the implementation of improved fallows offers great promise to enhance forage provision and maintain soil productivity, effects of these practices on the establishment of problematic weeds, including non-native plant species, remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we studied: i) how biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence the establishment and productivity of weeds in traditional fallows; and ii) to what extent improved fallows can help control weedy vegetation in smallholder rotations of the high Andes. Specifically, in this research, we focused on the invasive plant species Rumex acetosella L., which is a common concern of farmers throughout the central Peruvian Andes. We leveraged a multi-site, participatory research trial established in 2017 across eight communities in the region to understand the main drivers of R. acetosella presence and productivity. We used a total of 82 sites, each with paired treatments of traditional fallow (control with natural revegetation) and improved fallow (seeded with Vicia sativa L. and Avena sativa L.). Prior to treatment establishment we measured soil texture, pH, soil organic matter content as well as exchangeable macro-nutrients. Vegetation data was recorded in each treatment and divided into four categories: 1) A. sativa, 2) V. sativa, 3) R. acetosella, and 4) other weeds, and weighed to determine the relative biomass contribution of each. From these data, we calculated an index for R. acetosella pressure, weed pressure, and forage productivity. Our findings indicate that improved fallows greatly suppress weedy vegetation relative to unmanaged controls, including the invasive R. acetosella. Multivariate analyses suggested that R. acetosella abundance was associated with the presence of other non-planted weeds and predictors of soil fertility. The mean R. acetosella index in improved fallows was significantly lower compared to traditional fallows. We found R. acetosella biomass to be greater at lower productivity sites, i.e., those at higher elevations with cooler climates and sites with less fertile soils. Our findings indicate that if the fallow portion of a rotation is kept productive via adequate soil fertility inputs, the biomass of weeds, including the alien R. acetosella, is dramatically reduced

Ruptura prematura de membranas: factores asociados morbimortalidad materna y perinatal en el hospital regional del Amazonas Iquitos: marzo - octubre 1991

Being Premature Rupture of Membranes an obstetric problem quite often leading to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity; this prospective comparative study was conducted at the Regional Hospital Amazon - Iquitos, from March to October 1991 to determine the incidence and identify factors associated with RPH also determine the latency that causes increased morbidity and mortality in the mother and the newborn. Of a total of 1,364 births, 215 RPM found pregnant representing an incidence of 15.76 \, was selected 368 pregnant women between 20-41 weeks who met protocol requirements and half of them represented the experimental group (184 ) with RPM, l other half (184) was the Control group without RPM. The rate of perinatal mortality was 37.20x1000 NV RPM, while the overall perinatal mortality rate was 23.46 X 1000 NV Factors associated with the RPH were; Primigravida adolescents, lack of prenatal and leucorrhea control. The latency period that produces increased maternal and perinatal morbidity is greater than 24 hours.Siendo la Rotura Prematura de Membranas un problema obstétrico de relativa frecuencia que conlleva un aumento de la morbilidad materna y perinatal; se realizó el presente estudio de carácter prospectivo comparativo en el Hospital Regional del Amazonas - Iquitos, entre Marzo-Octubre de 1991 para conocer la incidencia e identificar los factores asociados a la RPH, además determinar el periodo de latencia que produce mayor morbimortalidad en la madre y el recién nacido. De un total de 1,364 partos, se encontró 215 gestantes con RPM representando una incidencia de 15.76\, Se seleccionó a 368 gestantes entre 20-41 semanas, que cumplieron con los requisitos del protocolo, así la mitad de ellos representó el grupo experimental (184) con RPM, y l otra mitad (184) constituyó el Grupo control, sin RPM. La tasa de mortalidad perinatal en la RPM fue de 37.20x1000 N.V., mientras que la tasa de mortalidad perinatal global fue de 23.46 X 1000 N.V. Los factores asociados a la RPH fueron; Primigesta adolescentes, ausencia de control prenatal y leucorreas. El periodo de latencia que produce mayor morbilidad materna y perinatal es mayor de 24 horas.Tesi

Clinical Outcomes of 217 Patients with Acute Erythroleukemia According to Treatment Type and Line: A Retrospective Multinational Study

Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is a rare disease typically associated with a poor prognosis. Themedian survival ranges between 3-9months frominitial diagnosis. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) have been shown to prolong survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML, but there is limited data of their efficacy in AEL. We collected data from 210 AEL patients treated at 28 international sites. Overall survival (OS) and PFS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for subgroup comparisons. Survival between treatment groups was compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Eighty-eight patients were treated with HMAs, 44 front line, and 122 with intensive chemotherapy (ICT). ICT led to a higher overall response rate (complete or partial) compared to first-line HMA (72% vs. 46.2%, respectively; p ≤ 0.001), but similar progression-free survival (8.0 vs. 9.4 months; p = 0.342). Overall survival was similar for ICT vs. HMAs (10.5 vs. 13.7months; p = 0.564), but patients with high-risk cytogenetics treated with HMA first-line lived longer (7.5 for ICT vs. 13.3 months; p = 0.039). Our results support the therapeutic value of HMA in AEL