QMix® irrigant reduces lipopolysacharide (LPS) levels in an in vitro model

AbstractThe presence of endotoxin inside the root canal has been associated with periapical inflammation, bone resorption and symptomatic conditions.Objectives To determine, in vitro, the effect of QMix® and other three root canal irrigants in reducing the endotoxin content in root canals.Material and Methods Root canals of single-rooted teeth were prepared. Samples were detoxified with Co-60 irradiation and inoculated with E. coli LPS (24 h, at 37°C). After that period, samples were divided into 4 groups, according to the irrigation solution tested: QMix®, 17% EDTA, 2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX), and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). LPS quantification was determined by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. The initial counting of endotoxins for all samples, and the determination of LPS levels in non-contaminated teeth and in contaminated teeth exposed only to non-pyrogenic water, were used as controls.Results QMix® reduced LPS levels, with a median value of 1.11 endotoxins units (EU)/mL (p<0.001). NaOCl (25.50 EU/mL), chlorhexidine (44.10 EU/mL) and positive control group (26.80 EU/mL) samples had similar results. Higher levels were found with EDTA (176.00 EU/mL) when compared to positive control (p<0.001). There was no significant difference among EDTA, NaOCl and CHX groups. Negative control group (0.005 EU/mL) had statistically significant lower levels of endotoxins when compared to all test groups (p<0.001).Conclusion QMix® decreased LPS levels when compared to the other groups (p<0.001). 3% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 17% EDTA were not able to significantly reduce the root canal endotoxins load

Bebida alcohólica en la adolescencia: el cuidado-educación como estrategia de acción de la enfermería Bebida alcoólica na adolescência: o cuidado-educação como estratégia de ação da enfermagem Alcohol in adolescence: the care-education as an action strategy for the nursing

Investigación que trata sobre los significados del uso que hacen los adolescentes del alcohol. Objetivos: Identificar el significado los adolescentes le atribuyen al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas; Caracterizar la cantidad y los principales locales de consumo de estas bebidas; Detectar factores de riesgos y/o tendencia relacionadas con este consumo. Metodología: cualitativa, convergente asistencial, relacionada con cuidado-educación. Se aplicó un instrumento de entrevista, semi-estructurado, con preguntas abiertas. Se formaron dos grupos con seis adolescentes en cada grupo. Se observó que el mayor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por adolescentes se lleva a cabo en fiestas y conmemoraciones, poniendo en evidencia o destacando el atractivo social del alcohol, que representa un elemento que facilita o induce la interacción, la socialización y la permisividad de actitudes y pensamientos no aceptados socialmente. Los adolescentes no se reconocen como víctimas potenciales, asociando la problemática a otros jóvenes, no a si mismos y a su grupo. La metodología favoreció la interacción de los participantes, y las orientaciones y discusiones contribuyeron a la reflexión y desmitificación de las ideas de los sujetos sobre el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas.<br>Pesquisa sobre os significados do uso do álcool por adolescentes. Objetivos: Identificar o significado atribuído pelos adolescentes ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; caracterizar a quantidade e os principais locais de consumo dessas bebidas; e detectar fatores de risco e/ou tendência para este consumo. Metodologia: qualitativa, convergente assistencial, articulada ao cuidado-educação. Aplicou-se um instrumento de entrevista, semiestruturado, com questões abertas. Realizaram-se dois grupos com seis adolescentes cada. O maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos adolescentes ocorre em festas e comemorações, evidenciando o apelo social do álcool, que representa um facilitador para a interação, socialização e permissividade de atitudes e pensamentos não aceitos socialmente. Os adolescentes não se reconhecem como vítimas potenciais, associando a problemática a outros jovens, não a eles mesmos e a seu grupo. A metodologia favoreceu o entrosamento dos participantes, e as orientações e discussões contribuíram para reflexões e desmistificações das ideias dos sujeitos sobre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.<br>Research on the meanings of the use of alcohol by adolescents. Objectives: To identify the meaning attributed by adolescents to alcohol consumption; characterize the quantity and the main sites of consumption of these drinks. Detect risk factors and / or the tendency to consumption. Methodology: Qualitative, convergent services, coordinated care - education. It was applied an interview, semi-structured with open questions. There were two groups each with six teenagers. The higher consumption of alcohol by teenagers is at parties and celebrations, highlighting the social appeal of alcohol, which is a facilitator for interaction, socialization and permissiveness of attitudes and thoughts not accepted socially. Teenagers do not recognize themselves as potential victims, associating the issue to other young people, not to them and their group. The methodology facilitated the integration of the participants, and the guidelines and the discussions contributed with the reflections and demystification of the ideas on the subjects about the consumption of alcoholic beverages