Reorganização do Controlo Postural no Acidente Vascular Encefálico: Ajustes Posturais Antecipatórios e Stiffness da Tibiotársica

Introdução: A reorganização do Sistema Nervoso após Acidente Vascular Encefálico é dependente da experienciação de diferentes tipos de input no âmbito da intervenção em fisioterapia. A potenciação do controlo postural (CP) nestes sujeitos é importante para organização dos ajustes posturais antecipatórios nas tarefas funcionais levantar, sentar e início da marcha e pode ser acompanhado de uma regulação do stiffness. Objectivo(s): Reportar as modificações ocorridas nos tempos de inibição e ativação dos músculos solear e tibial anterior, respetivamente, nas sequências de movimento levantar, sentar e início da marcha, na linha temporal atribuída aos APA’s assim como descrever as modificações ocorridas no comportamento do stiffness passivo da tibiotársica. Métodos: Foi implementado um programa de fisioterapia durante 3 meses em 5 participantes com Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Estes foram avaliados previamente à implementação do programa e após (M0 e M1). Foi analisada a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos solear e tibial anterior, em ambos os membros inferiores, na linha temporal atribuída aos APA’s nas referidas tarefas. O torque e a amplitude articular da tibiotársica foi monitorizada, através do dinamómetro isocinético, no movimento passivo de dorsiflexão, e registada a atividade muscular através de eletromiografia de superfície, nos músculos solear e gastrocnémio medial. Resultados: À exceção do músculo tibial anterior contralesional no paciente C, todos os participantes demonstraram modificações nos tempos dos músculos do membro contralesional na tarefa levantar. No membro ispsilesional todos os participantes demonstraram alterações, sem que seja possível definir uma tendência. Todos apresentaram uma diminuição do stiffness, embora nos participantes A e E mais evidente nas amplitudes intermédias. Conclusão: Entre os dois momentos de avaliação foi possível reportar modificações nos tempos de inibição dos músculos solear e nos tempos de ativação dos músculos tibial anterior na linha temporal atribuída aos APA’s, no entanto mais homogéneas no membro contralesional na tarefa levantar. Em todos os participantes o stiffness sofreu alterações no sentido da diminuição

El aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la enseñanza secundaria

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el conocimiento profesional (CP), en particular el conocimiento didáctico, en las vertientes del conocimiento curricular y del proceso instruccional, comprender el desarrollo profesional (DP) y los factores que lo desarrollan, y estudiar la relación entre el DP del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de nuevas competencias profesionales y la toma de conciencia de aspectos de su CP, y percibir también que las nuevas tecnologías (NT) tienen importantes implicaciones en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas. No implican apenas ligeras alteraciones en las formas tradicionales de trabajar los diversos tópicos, pero proporcionan un profundo cambio en los objetivos y en las prácticas. Su utilización continua permite aproximar las Matemáticas a las otras materias escolares y a la vida, suscitar los intereses de los alumnos e incrementar y diversificar las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se asume la perspectiva de que el profesor es un profesional competente y responsable, que tiene un papel fundamental a desempeñar, y que posee un conocimiento propio y una capacidad reflexiva y de acción en cuanto a su práctica. La metodología adoptada, de naturaleza cualitativa, incluye la observación de clases, reuniones de equipo, realización de entrevistas y cuestionarios, reflexiones sobre las clases y las reuniones y la construcción de narrativas. El análisis de los datos se basó en los presupuestos teóricos del estudio y las categorías definidas a partir de la confrontación de los datos recogidos con esos presupuestos, e incidió sobre los aspectos principales del papel de las profesoras implicadas en el estudio, concretamente: crear condiciones para el desarrollo de actividades; predisponer a la actividad; sustentar la actividad; promover el desarrollo del proceso investigativo; evidenciar la naturaleza de las actividades de investigación; promover la comunicación y el desarrollo de conceptos y procedimientos.This work has as objective to investigate the professional knowledge (CP), in particular, the didactic knowledge, in the slopes of the curricular knowledge and of the process instruccional, to understand the professional development (DP) and the factors that develop it, and to study the relationship among the DP of the knowledge of itself, the development of new professional competitions and the taking of conscience of aspects of his CP and to also perceive that the new technologies (NT) have important implications in the teaching of the Mathematics. They don't hardly imply to slight alterations in the traditional forms of working the diverse topics, but they still provide a deep change in the objectives and in the practices. Their continuous use it allows to approach the Mathematics to the other school matters and the life, to raise the interests of the students and to lengthen and to diversify the teaching activities and learning. The perspective is assumed that the professor is a competent and responsible professional that has a fundamental paper to carry out, and that it possesses an own knowledge and a reflexive capacity and of action as for his practice. The adopted methodology, of qualitative nature, it includes the observation of classes, team meetings, realization of interviews and questionnaires, reflections on the classes and the meetings and the construction of narrative. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical budgets of the study and the defined categories starting from the confrontation of the data picked up with those budgets, and it impacted on the main aspects of the paper of the teachers, concretely: to create conditions for the development of activities; to predispose to the activity; to sustain the activity; to promote the development of the investigative process; to evidence the nature of the investigation activities; to promote the communication and the development of concepts and procedures

On the edge of the knife: The establishment of public-private partnerships in education: England and Portugal (1980-2015)

Public-Private Partnerships have been a strategy adopted by governments to share responsibility with the private sector, control public spending and enhance efficiency through market competition. Education has been no exception to this trend, yet it happens differently across the countries. In this thesis, the aim was to understand how various parts of the education system have been transferred to private entities. The observation that encouraging legislation is far from being enough to warrant that schools move into the hands of private providers, implied that other variables might influence the possibility of policy establishment, here measured by the growth in the number of schools that are directed by private entities while paid by the state. Based on the Multiple Streams Framework variables, which emphasises the interaction of policy, problems, politics, and entrepreneurs, an algorithm was developed to reveal the configurations that, at the legislative moment, favour the establishment of policies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical cases show that the number of schools under PublicPrivate Partnership agreements increased substantially in England since the 80s, following a long path of adjustment and perseverance, while in Portugal the few experiences that subsist are strongly supported on the imbalance between demand and supply, as private providers are called for temporarily replacing the state. These different outcomes are a result of distinct configurations achieved at the time of legislation, as the equilibrium among the diverse policy dimensions influences the possibility of policy goal achievement. This conclusion points to the fact that legislation inefficiency can be mitigated if the required configuration is carefully assessed at the time of policy adoption, and the identification of weak points is recognised and corrected. Stakeholders perseverance, policy re-designing, active entrepreneurs and a favourable political scenario are crucial aspects for increasing the possibility of long-term policy acceptability.As Parcerias Publico Privadas têm constituído uma estratégia adotada pelos governos por forma a partilhar responsabilidade, controlar custos e aumentar a eficiência através da implementação de mecanismos de concorrência. A educação não é exceção, no entanto as respostas têm sido diferenciadas entre países. Tentar compreender o modo como a gestão das escolas sai da esfera do estado e passa para as mãos dos privados, foi o mote desta tese. Partindo do entendimento de que não basta criar um contexto legislativo favorável para garantir a implementação das políticas, procurou-se identificar que outras variáveis influenciam a possibilidade de estabelecimento deste tipo de acordos, que foi medido pelo número de escolas geridas por entidades privadas, mas pagas pelo estado. Neste sentido, e partindo da Teoria dos Fluxos Múltiplos que destaca a interação entre políticas, problemas, atores políticos e empreendedores, desenvolveu-se um algoritmo que permite determinar quais as configurações observáveis durante a fase de adoção de políticas que conduzem a um aumento de possibilidade de implementação. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos casos empíricos mostra que diversos tipos de parcerias público-privadas foram bem implementados em Inglaterra desde os anos 80, na sequência de uma longa caminhada de adaptação e perseverança. Em Portugal têm existido menos experiências, sendo que todas elas surgiram ancoradas no argumento do desequilíbrio entre procura e oferta, onde a iniciativa privada se limita a substituir temporariamente a oferta pública, conduzindo a uma reduzida presença deste tipo de parcerias. As diferenças de implementação verificadas são resultado de configurações distintas no momento da legislação, dado que o equilíbrio entre as diferentes dimensões condiciona a possibilidade de se atingirem os objetivos. Esta conclusão aponta para o facto de ser possível mitigar a ineficiência da legislação se a configuração das diferentes variáveis propostas for considerada durante a fase de adoção de políticas. Os pontos fracos das diversas dimensões devem ser reconhecidos e corrigidos. Perseverança, redesenho de política, empreendedores ativos e um cenário político favorável, são aspetos cruciais para que este tipo de política possa ter maior possibilidade de se tornar aceitável no longo prazo

The Relationship of the Human Capital Index with the Level of Education and the Adult Survival Rate

The relationship between the level of education and the adult survival rate with the human capital index and its components is studied using cluster analysis, applied to a sample of 174 countries covering all continents. The results allow the grouping of countries into three clusters that are consistent with three different levels of development. It was also observed that the lower the values of survival rate and level of education, the lower the human capital index of a country is.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A percepción dos futuros profesores do uso pedagóxico dos libros de texto dixitais nos procesos de aprendizaxe

Using digital textbook (from now on, DTB) in the learning context has been gradually gaining importance in the 21 st century educational scenarios. Nevertheless, there is ambiguity in the literature and in the educational field as far as the advantages and efficiency of the widespread use of digital textbook. In order to understand, in the Portuguese context, the implications foreseen, as far as the learning process is concerned, on the use of digital textbook, the present study focuses on students’ perceptions of some pedagogical and functional issues related to the use of digital textbook and was carried on at a higher School of Education in Oporto. A total of sixty-six students from postgraduate classes (future teachers/educators of children from five up to eleven years old) participated in the study by completing a survey questionnaire regarding their representations on their familiarity, perceived pedagogical advantages, textbook format preferences (print vs. digital) and learning potentiality of the digital textbook. The results illustrate the importance given to digital textbook, and despite the fact that the students were, to a large extent, unaware of the concept of digital textbook, their perceptions on the usability and pedagogical aspects indicate, on the one hand, the need for continued growth in the number and variety of digital textbook made available and, on the other hand, that more research on this subject is needed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sexualities, bodies and masculinities, through the speeches of portuguese teenagers

Congresso (virtual) realizado na Dinamarca de 11-12 de junho de 2021.This study, by problematizing a set of complex speeches, elaborated by young people around the idea of body and masculinities, comes to interrupt a set of socially imposed silences, more or less hidden, giving visibility to some changes which, through a critical way, call into question the value of hegemonic masculinity.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Inducing Supervision Practices among peers in a Community of Practice

O processo de Bolonha e a criação do Espaço Europeu de Educação Superior e de Investigação têm-se revelado verdadeiramente desafiantes, quer na dimensão conceptual quer na dimensão da intervenção, sobre novos modelos de aprendizagem e, consequentemente, novas práticas de ensino consonantes. Enquanto docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior responsável pela formação de professores, os modelos de formação destes profissionais merecem-nos, pois, particular reflexão. Consideramos que a formação de professores é um importante período na socialização dos sujeitos, no qual a criticidade inerente ao processo de construção do conhecimento profissional (no sentido de Shulman (1986) – nos domínios do conhecimento do conteúdo, do conhecimento pedagógico e curricular) se deverá assumir como eixo central na construção da sua profissionalidade docente. Apresentando-se como uma organização capaz de conceber, projetar, atuar e refletir, preconizamos um modelo de supervisão que ajude a Escola a problematizar e a projetar o futuro, verdadeiramente ambiciosa, que questione os momentos menos bem conseguidos para conhecer as suas causas, sendo capaz de traçar novas linhas de ação. A partir da constituição de uma Comunidade de Prática, neste texto propomo-nos apresentar alguns instrumentos de suporte à supervisão pedagógica entre pares assim como resultados preliminares obtidos. Estes resultados apontam no sentido de ser fundamental desenvolver e apresentar a indução de novas práticas supervisivas no docente do ES, identificando mecanismos facilitadores/constrangedores da implementação de processos de regulação da atividade de ensino entre pares, beneficiando, em nosso entender, o processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Keywords Pedagogical Supervision; Teacher Training; European Higher Education Area; Community of Practices; Research PracticesAbstract The Bologna process and the creation of the European Higher Education Area have been proving to be a challenge. As teachers trainers in a Higher Education institution, the teacher training models deserve, to us, particular reflection, namely the teaching processes adopted by Higher Education teachers. We believe that teacher training is an important period in the individuals socialization, in which the inherent criticality of the professional knowledge construction process (in the sense of Shulman (1986) – including content, pedagogical and curricular knowledge) should be a central tenet in the construction of teachers professionnality. Presenting itself as an organization capable of conceiving, designing, acting and thinking, we claim for supervision pratices that help school to discuss and plan for the future, truly ambitious, that questions the less well achieved moments to understand their causes, being able to draw new action lines.Thus, having the establishment of a Community of Practice as a starting point, it is our goal with this text to present some of the support tools that are being tested in pedagogical supervision among peers with some preliminary results. We believe these results point towards what it is essential to develop and present the induction of a new pedagogical supervision for Higher Education. By identifying facilitators/constraining mechanisms on the implementation of regulatory processes of educational activity among peers, we aim not only improving the quality of the practices on Higher Education contexts, but also benefiting, from our point of view, the learning process of students in general.Abstract The Bologna process and the creation of the European Higher Education Area have been proving to be a challenge. As teachers trainers in a Higher Education institution, the teacher training models deserve, to us, particular reflection, namely the teaching processes adopted by Higher Education teachers. We believe that teacher training is an important period in the individuals socialization, in which the inherent criticality of the professional knowledge construction process (in the sense of Shulman (1986) – including content, pedagogical and curricular knowledge) should be a central tenet in the construction of teachers professionnality. Presenting itself as an organization capable of conceiving, designing, acting and thinking, we claim for supervision pratices that help school to discuss and plan for the future, truly ambitious, that questions the less well achieved moments to understand their causes, being able to draw new action lines.Thus, having the establishment of a Community of Practice as a starting point, it is our goal with this text to present some of the support tools that are being tested in pedagogical supervision among peers with some preliminary results. We believe these results point towards what it is essential to develop and present the induction of a new pedagogical supervision for Higher Education. By identifying facilitators/constraining mechanisms on the implementation of regulatory processes of educational activity among peers, we aim not only improving the quality of the practices on Higher Education contexts, but also benefiting, from our point of view, the learning process of students in general.Abstract The Bologna process and the creation of the European Higher Education Area have been proving to be a challenge. As teachers trainers in a Higher Education institution, the teacher training models deserve, to us, particular reflection, namely the teaching processes adopted by Higher Education teachers. We believe that teacher training is an important period in the individuals socialization, in which the inherent criticality of the professional knowledge construction process (in the sense of Shulman (1986) – including content, pedagogical and curricular knowledge) should be a central tenet in the construction of teachers professionnality. Presenting itself as an organization capable of conceiving, designing, acting and thinking, we claim for supervision pratices that help school to discuss and plan for the future, truly ambitious, that questions the less well achieved moments to understand their causes, being able to draw new action lines.Thus, having the establishment of a Community of Practice as a starting point, it is our goal with this text to present some of the support tools that are being tested in pedagogical supervision among peers with some preliminary results. We believe these results point towards what it is essential to develop and present the induction of a new pedagogical supervision for Higher Education. By identifying facilitators/constraining mechanisms on the implementation of regulatory processes of educational activity among peers, we aim not only improving the quality of the practices on Higher Education contexts, but also benefiting, from our point of view, the learning process of students in general

O património e o turismo: cidade de Lamego

Dissertação de mestrado em Património e TurismoO aumento constante da procura turística tem dado origem a que, cada vez mais, os recursos patrimoniais sejam transformados em recursos turísticos. Assistimos, por isso, hoje em dia e um pouco por todo o mundo, a um aumento da oferta do produto cultural e patrimonial. Esta evolução justifica que os locais que possuem recursos patrimoniais tenham de se preocupar com o modo como a gestão é realizada. A tendência actual da gestão do património vai no sentido de uma colaboração, cada vez mais estreita, entre as áreas do Património e o Turismo, com o objectivo de delinearem estratégias conjuntas. Através da investigação bibliográfica, tivemos oportunidade de verificar que existem vários estudos sobre o património, em geral, mas são escassos os que se referem ao património arquitectónico e sua relação com os visitantes, principalmente, no caso de Portugal. O estudo que aqui se apresenta, “O Património e o Turismo: Cidade de Lamego”, pretendeu compreender a gestão do património e a sua relação com os visitantes. Com este objectivo, elaborou-se um questionário que foi aplicado aos visitantes, num total de 234 indivíduos, durante os meses de Outubro e Novembro de 2005. Aplicou-se, também, um questionário, já validado, aos gestores do seguinte património: Sé Catedral, Igreja de Almacave, Santuário da Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, Castelo, Museu, e Capela de São Pedro Balsemão. Através do cruzamento dos dados recolhidos nos dois questionários, foi possível inferir que a relação existente entre quem gere o património e os seus visitantes é, ainda, deficiente ou muito deficiente. A maior falha apontada pelos visitantes, tendo em conta os problemas ligados à gestão, prende-se com a falta de interpretação dos monumentos. Os resultados deste estudo, bem como as propostas e sugestões elaboradas, poderão ser úteis para as instituições responsáveis pela preservação e valorização do património, na medida em que chamam a atenção dos seus gestores para os problemas que existem, apontando caminhos, que poderão eventualmente contribuir para a resolução de alguns desses problemas.The constant increase in demand in tourism has meant that heritage resources are increasingly becoming tourism resources. For this reason we are witnessing today and around the world, an increase in the supply of the cultural and heritage products. This evolution justifies the fact that locations which possess heritage resources must worry about how they are managed. The current trend in managing heritage is towards a closer collaboration between heritage and tourism so as to follow a unified strategy. Through bibliographic research, we were able to determine that there are various studies on heritage in general. However there were very few which refer to architectural heritage and its relationship to visitors, especially in the case of Portugal. This study, “O Património e o Turismo: Cidade de Lamego” [Heritage and Tourism : City of Lamego”], aims to understand the management of heritage and its relation with visitors. To this end a questionnaire was created and answered by 234 visitors during the months of October and November, 2005. Another previously validated questionnaire was also answered by managers of the following heritage sites: Sé Catedral, Igreja de Almacave, Santuário da Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, Castelo, Museu, e Capela de São Pedro Balsemão [the Cathedral, the Almacave Church, the Our Lady of the Remedies Sanctuary, the Castle, the Museum and the São Pedro Balsemão Chapel]. By crossing the data collected in both questionnaires, it was possible to infer that the relationship between those who manage heritage sites and their visitors is still either poor or very poor. The greatest failure visitors pointed out, considering problems connected to management, was the lack of information about the monuments. The results of this study, as well as the proposals and suggestions set forth, may be useful for institutions which are responsible for the preservation and valorization of heritage insofar as they raise managers’ awareness of existing problems, indicating paths which may contribute towards resolving some of those problems

Melhoria da qualidade no projecto e na fabricação : estudo de caso de uma empresa construtora de autocarros

Trabalho realizado na CaetanoBus, orient. Francisco José Ferreira MagalhãesDissertação de mestrado integrado. Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201