Additional file 1: of Tuberculosis screening among persons with diabetes mellitus in Pune, India

Supplementary file: Raw data of the TB screening in patients with diabetes study. (XLSX 497 kb

Additional file 1 of Challenges with the use of Xpert HPV as a screening tool for oral HPV among people living with HIV (PLHIV): experiences from Pune, India

Supplementary Material

Estimated Risk and 95% Confidence Intervals of Study Endpoints for SWEN relative to SD by Infant Birth Weight Group Using Poisson Regression and Cox Proportional Hazards Analyses.

<p>Estimated Risk and 95% Confidence Intervals of Study Endpoints for SWEN relative to SD by Infant Birth Weight Group Using Poisson Regression and Cox Proportional Hazards Analyses.</p

Baseline Characteristics by Infant Birth Weight Group.

<p>Baseline Characteristics by Infant Birth Weight Group.</p

Kaplan-Meier plots of risk of HIV-1 infection (A and B) and HIV-1 infection or death (C) by treatment arm stratified by infant birth weight group.

<p>(A) HIV-1 infection by 6 months. (B) HIV-1 infection by 12 months. (C) HIV-1 infection or death by 12 months. Estimated risk of each efficacy outcome is shown for infants randomized to six-week extended-dose nevirapine (SWEN) and single-dose nevirapine (SD) as a solid line and dashed line, respectively, within each infant birth weight group. Birth weight groups were defined as: very low birth weight (VLBW ≤ 2000g); moderate low birth weight (MLBW >2000 g and ≤ 2500 g); and normal birth weight (NBW > 2500 g). Infants were tested for HIV-1 infection at birth, at weeks 1, 2, 4, 10 and 14, and at months 6, 9 and 12. Superior efficacy of SWEN relative to SD is indicated exclusively in VLBW and MLBW with greatest relative SWEN efficacy in VLBW.</p

Additional file 1: of Gender-based violence screening methods preferred by women visiting a public hospital in Pune, India

Gender Based Violence Questionnaire. (PDF 471 kb

Pregnancy Differentially Impacts Performance of Latent Tuberculosis Diagnostics in a High-Burden Setting

<div><p>Background</p><p>Targeted screening for latent TB infection (LTBI) in vulnerable populations is a recommended TB control strategy. Pregnant women are at high risk for developing TB and likely to access healthcare, making pregnancy an important screening opportunity in developing countries. The sensitivity of the widely-used tuberculin skin test (TST), however, may be reduced during pregnancy.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We performed a cross-sectional study comparing the TST with the QuantiFERON Gold In-tube (QGIT) in 401 HIV-negative women presenting antepartum (n = 154), at delivery (n = 148), or postpartum (n = 99) to a government hospital in Pune, India. A subset of 60 women enrolled during pregnancy was followed longitudinally and received both tests at all three stages of pregnancy.</p><p>Results</p><p>The QGIT returned significantly more positive results than the TST. Of the 401 women in the cross-sectional study, 150 (37%) had a positive QGIT, compared to 59 (14%) for the TST (p<0.005). Forty-nine (12%) did not have their TST read. Of 356 who had both results available, 46 (13%) were concordant positive, 91 (25%) were discordant (12 (3%) TST+/QGIT-; 79 (22%) TST−/QGIT+), and 206 (57%) concordant negative. Comparison by stage of pregnancy revealed that QGIT percent positivity remained stable between antepartum and delivery, unlike TST results (QGIT 31–32% vs TST 11–17%). Median IFN-γ concentration was lower at delivery than in antepartum or postpartum (1.66 vs 2.65 vs 8.99 IU/mL, p = 0.001). During postpartum, both tests had significantly increased positives (QGIT 31% vs 32% vs 52%, p = 0.01; TST 17% vs 11% vs 25%, p<0.005). The same trends were observed in the longitudinal subset.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Timing and choice of LTBI test during pregnancy impact results. QGIT was more stable and more closely approximated the LTBI prevalence in India. But pregnancy stage clearly affects both tests, raising important questions about how the complex immune changes brought on by pregnancy may impact LTBI screening.</p></div

Plasma area-under-the curve (AUC) concentrations and hair concentrations of isoniazid (INH) among children with 100% adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared to females (1.64 (1.21–13.2) vs. 0.66 (0.47–1.08), p = 0.05); INH hair levels were lower in older children (correlation = -0.42; p = 0.11) and among children who were heavier (-0.43; p = 0.10).

<p>Plasma area-under-the curve (AUC) concentrations and hair concentrations of isoniazid (INH) among children with 100% adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared to females (1.64 (1.21–13.2) vs. 0.66 (0.47–1.08), p = 0.05); INH hair levels were lower in older children (correlation = -0.42; p = 0.11) and among children who were heavier (-0.43; p = 0.10).</p

Participant characteristics and LTBI test results by time point of screening in Pune, India.

a<p>Missing variables not included in calculations.</p>b<p>Excluding kitchen and bathroom.</p>c<p>Household Food Insecurity Access Scale: Category 1 =  Food Secure, Category 2 =  Mildly Food Insecure, Category 3 =  Moderately Food Insecure, Category 4 =  Severely Food Insecure.</p>d<p>All women enrolled within 24–48 hours of delivery.</p>e<p>TB symptom screen is positive if cough, fever, weight loss, or night sweats are present.</p><p>Abbreviations: HIV indicates human immunodeficiency virus, IPT indicates isoniazid preventive therapy, IQR indicates interquartile range, MDR-TB indicates multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, NA indicates not applicable, TB indicates tuberculosis, TST indicates tuberculin skin test, QGIT indicates QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test In-Tube.</p

Longitudinal comparison of TST and QGIT positivity by stage of pregnancy^a.

<p>QGIT positivity was higher than TST positivity at each stage of pregnancy, but only reached statistical significance at delivery. TST positivity was lowest during delivery and highest in postpartum women. QGIT positivity was also highest in postpartum women. ^aIncludes results for women who had TST and QGIT test results for at least 2 different visits: antepartum/delivery, delivery/postpartum, or antepartum/postpartum. Abbreviations: QGIT =  QuantiFERON TB Gold In-tube Test; TST =  tuberculin skin test.</p