FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN LEAVES AND STEM OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F

Objective: The objective of the present study is to carry out fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities using different solvent extract in leaves and stem of Embelia ribes. Methods: In the present study, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities of leaves and stem of E. ribes are carried out using standard procedures. Result: The fluorescence analysis under visible and ultraviolet light for leaves and stem powder of E. ribes treated with various chemical reagents shown different fluorescence effect. In the phytochemical analysis, the methanolic extract of leaves has shown the highest total alkaloid content (19.05±0.42 mg CE/g DW), followed by the stem. The methanolic extract of stem exhibited highest total phenolic content (59.82±2.98 mg GAE/g DW), and ethanolic extract showed highest total flavonoid content (10.05±0.36 mg RE/g DW), followed by leaves. The ethanolic extract of stem possesses highest antioxidant activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (84.86±0.11%), whereas methanolic extract of stem reported highest FRAP activity (72.22±0.31 mg Fe+2E/g DW), followed by leaves. Antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) were significantly correlated with TPC. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the fluorescence analysis of leaves and stem of E. ribes can be helpful for the standardization and quality control of indigenous drug. Both leaves and stem serve as the good source of secondary metabolite and antioxidant agents

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES IN EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F.: A VULNERABLE MEDICINAL PLANT

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to identify the functional group present in the crude powder and various solvent extracts of Embelia ribesBurm. f. stem, leaves, and berries through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Methods: Different plant parts of E. ribes were collected shade dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether. Theseextracts were used to detect the characteristic peak values and their functional groups using FTIR method on a OMNI sampler attenuated totalreflectance accessory on a JASCO FTIR spectrophotometer (FTIRâ€4600).Results: The crude powder of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amino acids, amide, alkanes, carboxylicacids, alcohols, esters, ethers, aromatics, aliphatic amines, phenols, aldehyde, ketones, fluorides, halogen, alkyl halides, and nitro compound. The drymethanolic and ethanolic extracts of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis results proved the presence of alcohols, p-substituted alcoholsor phenols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, aldehyde, ester, ether, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, aromatics, ketones, disulphide, alkyl halides,halogen, and nitro compounds, whereas dry petroleum ether extract shown the presence of amide, alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, p-substitutedalcohols or phenols, esters, aromatics, aldehyde, ketones, aryl disulphide, aliphatic amines, aliphatic compound, alkyl halides, and nitro compounds,respectively.Conclusion: The results of the present study produced the FTIR spectrum profile for the vulnerable medicinally important plant E. ribes Burm. f.Keywords: Embelia ribes Burm. f., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Functional groups

MALARIA ATTACKS DUE TO PLASMODIAUM VIVAX AT GANGAPUR, AURANGABAD DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA) INDIA

ABSTRACTObjectives: we investigated the incidences of malaria in the rural areas of Gangapur which is Taluka place in the Aurangabad District of Maharashtra.Methodology: Overall 4738 suspected patients were examined at Govt Hospital of Gangapur who were having high fever.Conclution: At rural areas of Gangapur, the malaria patients are well below as prescribed by WHO. The main species involved is Plasmodiaum Vivax.Few cases of plamodiaum falciparum is aslo observed.Keywords: Malaria Incidence, P vivax, p Falciparum, Gangapur

Cystic hygroma with hydrops fetalis: a rare case report

Cystic hygromas are malformations of the lymphatics system that appear as fluid-filled, membranous cysts, lined by true epithelium in the anterolateral or occipito-cervical area. They result from the jugular lymphatic obstruction sequence, in which the normal communication between the jugular veins and the jugular lymphatic sacs fail to develop by 40th day of gestation. Most of the cystic hygromas are associated with chromosomal anomalies. When diagnosed in-utero, the survival rate of foetuses affected with cystic hygroma is only 2-6%.When hydrops is present alongwith cystic hygroma, the mortality rate is near 100%. The incidence of cystic hygroma is estimated to be 1 case per 6000-16000 live births. We here present a case of 25 years old primigravida with 16 weeks 5 days of gestation was diagnosed prenatally during ultrasonography for the foetal well-being with a large cystic hygroma with septation extending in the entire length, associated with bilateral pleural effusion and ascites with a variable heart rate. The pregnancy was terminated with the consent of the parents. Foetuses with cystic hygroma are at high risk for adverse outcomes. Due to its extremely poor prognosis, termination should be considered when the diagnosis is made before viability and the chromosomes are abnormal.

A unique case of successful twin pregnancy reaching term in a patient with uterus bicornis unicollis

Abnormal fusion of the Mullerian ducts or failure of absorption of the septum causes varying degrees of congenital uterine malformation. Twin gestation in a case of bicornuate uterus is rare. We are reporting this case because of its rare presentation, where a case of undiagnosed twins managed to reach full-term after spontaneous conception. We report here a 30 year old gravida four para one with no live issues who presented at term in labour. Per Abdomen examination suggested a twin gestation which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Both the twins were delivered by an emergency caesarean section. Intraoperatively the uterus was found to be bicornuate uterus (bicornis unicollis) with both the babies in two different horns

The epidemiological study of congenital anomalies and their possible risk factors in teaching hospital in MGM Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai

Background: Congenital anomaly, a health problem in India, is a defective morphogenesis during early foetal life at cellular level. Purpose of our study was to determine the detection rate of congenital anomalies & their epidemiological predisposing risk factors with detailed history withdrawn among women visited in MGM Hospital, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai, between May 2012 to May 2014.Methods: This is a Retrospective study. In this study period of 2 years, 69 pregnant women were diagnosed with congenital anomalies during their prenatal Ultrasonographic examinations. We studied these sonographic reports with the risk factors associated with occurrence of congenital anomalies.Results: Out of 2000 visited women, 69 were detected with congenital anomalies. Incidence rate was about 3.45%. Major &maximum  anomalies were found in CNS & Renal system. CNS-32.88%, renal-40.58%, multiple system anomalies-5.79%. Risk factors  mostly associated with these anomalies were age, race, residency, social status, H/O consanguineous marriage, H/O DM & GDM, literacy. Congenital anomalies were more seen in rural, low socioeconomic & illiterate population.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, prenatal evaluation, routine ANC care, better repo & good quality USG will be helpful for genetic counselling & clinical management

Involvement of a periplasmic protein kinase in DNA strand break repair and homologous recombination in Escherichia coli

The involvement of signal transduction in the repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA has been known in eukaryotes but remains understudied in bacteria. This article for the first time demonstrates a role for the periplasmic lipoprotein (YfgL) with protein kinase activity transducing a signal for DNA strand break repair in Escherichia coli. Purified YfgL protein showed physical as well as functional interaction with pyrroloquinoline-quinone in solution; the protein kinase activity of YfgL was strongly stimulated in the presence of pyrroloquinoline-quinone. Transgenic E. coli cells producing Deinococcus radiodurans pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase showed nearly four log cycle improvement in UVC dark survival, 0-fold increases in gamma radiation resistance as compared with untransformed cells. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone enhanced the UV resistance of E. coli through the YfgL protein; required the active recombination repair proteins. The yfgL mutant showed higher sensitivity to UVC, mitomycin C, gamma radiation as compared with wild-type cells, showed a strong impairment in homologous DNA recombination. The mutant expressing an active YfgL in trans recovered the lost phenotypes to nearly wild-type levels. The results strongly suggest that the periplasmic phosphoquinolipoprotein kinase YfgL plays an important role in radiation-induced DNA strand break repair, homologous recombination in E. coli

Vapor-phase photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds over novel uranyl-anchored MCM-41 heterogeneous catalyst

In the present investigation, we exploited the visible region absorbance (lambda > 380 nm) of uranyl ions anchored onto mesoporous MCM-41 matrix for the vapor-phase photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and oxylene. In all cases, the only complete oxidation products, viz., carbon dioxide and water, were obtained. Further, the extent of conversion to carbon dioxide depended upon the nature of the organic compound. Under sunlight, the uranyl-anchored catalyst was found to be highly active for the degradation of a stable molecule like benzene, though longer irradiation times were needed for its complete conversion. This study signifies the potential applicability of the uranyl-anchored photocatalyst for applications related to air cleaning under ambient conditions of solar radiation and air

An in situ FT-IR study of photo-oxidation of alcohols over uranyl-anchored MCM-41: Possible reaction pathways

Photosensitive uranyl ions anchored onto MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves serve as remarkable photocatalysts in the degradation of alcohols, under ambient conditions of light, temperature, and air. The rates of conversion of alcohols to carbon dioxide was found to decrease in the order methanol > ethanol > 2-propanol > 1-propanol, with the difference in reactivity attributed to the stability of the carbon-centered radicals formed during photo-oxidation. Kinetics revealed that the photo-oxidation of alcohols followed a first-order reaction. A detailed in situ FT-IR analysis was used to identify the transient species formed during the photo-oxidation of ethanol and 2-propanof over uranyl-anchored photocatalyst. Acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and acetaldehyde were the intermediates obtained over UO22+/MCM-41 during photo-oxidation of ethanol, whereas acetate species, methyl acetate, and acetone were detected during photo-oxidation of 2-propanol. Based on the intenriediate species formed, their growth with respect to irradiation time, and their intensities, appropriate reaction mechanisms were proposed to corroborate our observations. (c) 2007 All fiahts reserved

Uranyl-anchored MCM-41 as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the complete oxidation of methanol under sunlight

A photocatalyst that may exhibit high activity for oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under solar radiation would offer a practical and economic means for the cleaning of air under environmental conditions. We report here for the first time that the uranyl ions anchored within the mesopores of MCM-41 may serve as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for the complete destruction of methanol in vapor phase, and in the presence of sunlight and air. The uranyl-anchored MCM-41 was found to be more efficient than a TiO(2) photocatalyst in terms of CH(3)OH-->CO(2) conversion rates. The reversible and active participation of uranyl groups in the studied photocatalytic reaction was ascertained with the help of in situ fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, whereas the radiation-induced transient species over catalyst surface were monitored using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The detailed reaction mechanism and the role played by uranyl ions in the photooxidation of methanol over UO(2)(2+)/MCM are elucidated on the basis of these results. (C) 200