INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE LEAVES OF TRIANTHEMA PORTULACASTRUM ON HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: Many of the plants are used for medicinal purposes in human health needs. Trianthema portulacastrum has got many medicinal values andalso a dietary plant, being used in Ayurveda. It exhibits nephroprotective, diuretic, anti-cancerous, antihelmintic, antipyretic, analgesic properties,anti-inflammatory activity, and also antibacterial activity. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanism of action of the leaves ofT. portulacastrum on human pathogens.Methods: The mechanism has been analyzed by membrane permeability, time-kill kinetics, hemolytic activity, DNA binding ability, post antibioticeffect, and bacterial membrane damage by scanning electron microscopy.Results: This study reveal that the flavonoid and methanol fractions of T. portulacastrum have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The leaves of T. portulacastrum has been proved as a safer drug indicating its noncytotoxic property and found tokill the bacterial cells by permeating the membrane and damage the DNA of the bacterial cells.Conclusion: This study proved the mode of antibacterial action of T. portulacastrum on S. aureus and K. pneumoniae indicating its antibacterialefficacy on human pathogens.Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Postantibiotic, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Trianthema portulacastrum

SCREENING FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF MYRISTICA DACTYLOIDS FRUIT EXTRACTS

Objective: The present investigation focus on screening of phytochemicals and FT-IR analysis of Myristica dactyloids fruit extracts. The fruit extracts were prepared using five different solvents.Methods: The phytochemical analysis and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis were performed using standard methods.Results: The results reveals that the alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proteins, carbohydrates, cardio glycosides and saponins were present in methanolic extract when compared to other solvent extracts. FT-IR analysis shows the presence of different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkanes, alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, alkenes and amine groups in the fruit extracts.Conclusion: The study concluded that the methanolic extract (M. dactyloides fruit) has potential bioactive compounds

A study to assess the awareness and knowledge about the maternal nutrition and complications encountered by the antenatal mothers in the rural population

Background: Nutrition plays a vital role in life. Good nutrition is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. A healthy pregnancy diet will promote your baby's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to highlight the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women regarding the healthy diet, psychological support, regular visits, danger signs and complications during pregnancy among mothers who visit our hospital along with different socio demographic factors.Methods: This study was conducted on 350 antenatal women from January 2016 to February 2017 at Tamil Nadu, India. A 24 point- 15 minutes’ questionnaire was designed about the knowledge, attitude and practice about the nutrition, danger signs and complications in pregnancy.Results: Around 98% of women were very clear that nutrition is necessary in pregnancy and 53% of them told that the quantity of food intake should be increased. Major source of knowledge about the nutrition was obtained from the family members (81%). The common danger sign was abdominal pain (61%) followed by bleeding per vaginum (22%). About 77% of mothers had an idea that minimum of 6-10 visit should be there in their antenatal period.Conclusions: This study emphasizes that health professionals should concentrate more in the nutritional values and the antenatal classes should be taken regarding the role of adequate nutrition, constituents and sources of balanced diet and the consequences of over and under nutrition

Prognóstico de exploração no Chat GPT com ética de inteligência artificial

Natural language processing innovations in the past few decades have made it feasible to synthesis and comprehend coherent text in a variety of ways, turning theoretical techniques into practical implementations. Both report summarizing software and sectors like content writers have been significantly impacted by the extensive Language-model. A huge language model, however, could show evidence of social prejudice, giving moral as well as environmental hazards from negligence, according to observations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop comprehensive guidelines for responsible LLM (Large Language Models). Despite the fact that numerous empirical investigations show that sophisticated large language models has very few ethical difficulties, there isn't a thorough investigation and consumers study of the legality of present large language model use. We use a qualitative study method on OpenAI's ChatGPT3 to solution-focus the real-world ethical risks in current large language models in order to further guide ongoing efforts on responsibly constructing ethical large language models. We carefully review ChatGPT3 from the four perspectives of bias and robustness. According to our stated opinions, we objectively benchmark ChatGPT3 on a number of sample datasets. In this work, it was found that a substantial fraction of principled problems are not solved by the current benchmarks; therefore new case examples were provided to support this. Additionally discussed were the importance of the findings regarding ChatGPT3's AI ethics, potential problems in the future, and helpful design considerations for big language models. This study may provide some guidance for future investigations into and mitigation of the ethical risks offered by technology in large Language Models applications.Las innovaciones en el procesamiento del lenguaje natural en las últimas décadas han hecho posible sintetizar y comprender textos coherentes en una variedad de formas, transformando las técnicas teóricas en implementaciones prácticas. Ambos informan que el software extenso y las industrias como la de los creadores de contenido se han visto significativamente afectadas por el modelo de lenguaje extensivo. Sin embargo, un modelo de lenguaje enorme podría mostrar evidencia de sesgo social, dando riesgos morales y ambientales por negligencia, según las observaciones. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar lineamientos completos para los LLM (Modelos de Lenguaje Grandes) responsables. A pesar de que numerosas investigaciones empíricas muestran que los modelos sofisticados de lenguaje amplio tienen muy pocas dificultades éticas, no existe una investigación exhaustiva y un estudio del consumidor sobre la legalidad del uso actual de modelos de lenguaje amplio. Usamos un método de estudio cualitativo en ChatGPT3 de OpenAI para enfocarnos en resolver los riesgos éticos del mundo real en los modelos actuales de lenguaje amplio para guiar aún más los esfuerzos en curso en la construcción responsable de modelos éticos de lenguaje amplio. Analizamos cuidadosamente ChatGPT3 desde las cuatro perspectivas de sesgo y robustez. De acuerdo con nuestras opiniones expresadas, comparamos ChatGPT3 objetivamente en múltiples conjuntos de datos de muestra. En este trabajo se encontró que una fracción sustancial de los problemas de principios no son resueltos por los marcos actuales; por lo tanto, se han proporcionado nuevos ejemplos de casos para respaldar esto. Además, se discutió la importancia de los hallazgos sobre la ética de la IA de ChatGPT3, los problemas potenciales en el futuro y las consideraciones de diseño útiles para modelos de lenguaje grandes. Este estudio puede proporcionar algunas pautas para futuras investigaciones y mitigación de los riesgos éticos que ofrece la tecnología en grandes aplicaciones de Language Models.As inovações de processamento de linguagem natural nas últimas décadas tornaram possível sintetizar e compreender textos coerentes de várias maneiras, transformando técnicas teóricas em implementações práticas. Ambos relatam que softwares resumidos e setores como criadores de conteúdo foram significativamente afetados pelo extenso modelo de linguagem. Um enorme modelo de linguagem, no entanto, poderia mostrar evidências de preconceito social, dando riscos morais e ambientais por negligência, de acordo com as observações. Portanto, é necessário desenvolver diretrizes abrangentes para LLM (Large Language Models) responsáveis. Apesar do fato de numerosas investigações empíricas mostrarem que modelos sofisticados de linguagem ampla têm muito poucas dificuldades éticas, não há uma investigação completa e estudo de consumidores sobre a legalidade do uso atual de modelos de linguagem ampla. Usamos um método de estudo qualitativo no ChatGPT3 da OpenAI para focar na solução os riscos éticos do mundo real nos atuais modelos de linguagem ampla, a fim de orientar ainda mais os esforços contínuos na construção responsável de modelos éticos de linguagem ampla. Analisamos cuidadosamente o ChatGPT3 a partir das quatro perspectivas de viés e robustez. De acordo com nossas opiniões declaradas, comparamos objetivamente o ChatGPT3 em vários conjuntos de dados de amostra. Neste trabalho, constatou-se que uma fração substancial dos problemas de princípios não é resolvida pelos referenciais atuais; portanto, novos exemplos de casos foram fornecidos para apoiar isso. Além disso, foram discutidas a importância das descobertas sobre a ética de IA do ChatGPT3, possíveis problemas no futuro e considerações de design úteis para grandes modelos de linguagem. Este estudo pode fornecer algumas orientações para futuras investigações e mitigação dos riscos éticos oferecidos pela tecnologia em grandes aplicações de Modelos de Linguagem

Active surveillance of adverse drug reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis show significant toxicity and morbidity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nature and incidence of adverse drug reaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on anti-rheumatic drugs and to assess the causality and severity of the documented adverse drug reactions.Methods: The prospective observational study was done for two months in rheumatology outpatient department. All patients were interviewed for basic details, treatment history and adverse drug reactions and were recorded. Causality assessment and severity assessment of the recorded adverse drug reactions were done.Results: About 283 patients attended the rheumatology out-patient department during the two months period out of which 57 patients had one or more adverse drug reaction. The incidence of adverse drug reaction observed in rheumatology out-patient department to anti rheumatic drug was 20.14%. A total of 145 adverse drug reactions were noted in 57 patients. The most common adverse drug reaction reported was epigastric pain (6.89%) followed by headache and dyslipidemia (6.25%). The most common system associated with adverse drug reaction was gastrointestinal system (29.66%) followed by central nervous system and cardiovascular system (15.86%). Reported adverse drug reactions were assessed for causality and maximum belonged to probable (66.9%). Severity assessment revealed that most of the adverse drug reactions were mild (74.48%) in nature.Conclusions: Active surveillance for adverse drug reactions to anti rheumatic drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will allow early detection of adverse drug reactions and timely intervention to provide maximum benefit to the patients

The study of Burkholderia Pseudomallei Lipopolysaccharide

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

A rare case of cutaneous granular cell tumour

Granular cell tumors are uncommon tumors of uncertain etiology. It accounts for approximately 0.5% of all soft tissue tumors. However, the involvement of skin is rare. Only few cases of cutaneous granular cell tumor is reported till date. Here, we present a case of cutaneous granular cell tumor in a 48 years female patient