Engineering design of technological parameters of separation of seed in the upward air flow of pneumatic sorting machines

It was showed the results of the determination the optimal parameters of the narrowing partitions installed in pneumatic channels with a vertical up air flow for cleaning seeds. The installation narrowing partitions in pneumatic channels makes it possible to increase the productivity and efficiency for cleaning seeds from difficult–to–remove impurities by no less than 20%, while the optimal ratio of the width of the partitions and the depth of the pneumatic canal sections varies from 0.3 to 0.5

Justification of the type of combine harvester for farms

We presented results of the tests of combine harvesters of domestic and foreign manufacturers over the past ten years. We presented recommendation about the choice of the studied technolog

The technological aspect of soybean seed separation

The results of a study on the purification of soybean seeds by the combined use of a gravity column with a zigzag channel formed by a cascade of installed combs and a pneumatic separation channel with a vertically ascending air flow and with narrowing partitions installed in it are presented

Researches of the combined coulter working process for direct strip sowing of seeds

In this paper We presented design of analytic dependencies of main geometrics parameters of combine coulter distributer for direct strip sowing of cereals with accounting of pass speed of particle from the distrib-uter

Determining optimal kinematic parameters of a screen shoe used for separating breeding seed samples

In the post-harvest processing of breeding material, the absence of a sieve machine of appropriate productivity that meets all the requirements for breeding machines is relevant today. For research, a mock stand of the sieve machine was used, on which the kinematic parameters of the sieve mill and the tilt angles of the sieves were determined

Detection of Fusarium infected seeds of cereal plants by the fluorescence method.

Infection of seeds of cereal plants with fusarium affects their optical luminescent properties. The spectral characteristics of excitation (absorption) in the range of 180-700 nm of healthy and infected seeds of wheat, barley and oats were measured. The greatest difference in the excitation spectra of healthy and infected seeds was observed in the short-wave range of 220-450 nm. At the same time, the excitation characteristics of infected seeds were higher than those of healthy ones, and the integral parameter Η in the entire range was 10-56% higher. A new maximum appeared at the wavelength of 232 nm and the maximum value increased by 362 nm. The spectral characteristics were measured when excited by radiation at wavelengths of 232, 362, 424, 485, 528 nm and the luminescence fluxes were calculated. It is established that the photoluminescence fluxes Φ in the short-wave ranges of 290-380 nm increase by 1.58-3.14 times and 390-550 nm-by 1.44-2.54 times. The fluxes in longer wavelength ranges do not change systematically and less significantly: for wheat, they decrease by 12% and increase by 19%, for barley, they decrease by 10% and increase by 33%. The flux decreases by 43-71% for oats. Based on the results obtained for cereal seeds, it is possible to further develop a method for detecting fusarium infection with absolute measurements of photoluminescence fluxes in the range of 290-380 nm, or when measuring photoluminescence ratios: for wheat seeds when excited with wavelengths of 424 nm and 232 nm (Φ424/Φ232); for barley seeds-when excited with wavelengths of 485 nm and 232 nm (Φ485/Φ232) and for oat seeds-when excited with wavelengths of 424 nm and 362 nm (Φ424/Φ362)

Method of Optical Diagnostics of Grain Seeds Infected with Fusarium

Optical sensors have shown good capabilities for detecting and monitoring plant diseases, including fusariosis. The spectral characteristics of the excitation and luminescence of wheat, oat and barley seeds were measured using a diffraction spectrofluorimeter in the range of 180–700 nm. It was found that during infection, the spectral density of the absorption capacity increases and the curve ηe(λ) shifts upwards in the range of 380–450 nm. The shift to the left is also noticeable for the wheat and barley spectra. The photoluminescence flux at λe = 232 nm increased by 1.71 times when oat seeds were infected, by 2.63 times when wheat was infected and by 3.14 times when barley was infected. The dependences of the infection degree on the photoluminescence flux are statistically and reliably approximated by linear regression models with determination coefficients R2 = 0.83–0.95. The method of determining the degree of infection can include both absolute measurements of photoluminescence flux in the range of 290–380 nm and measurements of the flux ratios when excited by radiation of 232 nm and 424 nm for wheat and 485 nm for barley. An optoelectronic device for remote monitoring can be designed in order to implement the methodology for determining the degree of infection of agricultural plant seeds